Outcome and Risk Factors Associated with Surgical Site Infections After Cardiac Surgery in a Taiwan Medical Center

Abstract

COPD is an independent underlying illness associated with SSI after cardiac surgery. Minimizing preoperative hospitalization and nosocomial infection, and awareness of cases presenting with relevant risk factors, are useful in reducing SSI.

Nosocomial infections and antibiotic resistance pattern in open-heart surgery patients at Imam Ali Hospital in Kermanshah, Iran

“…SSI was reported as 1.18% in the present study, but as 3% in the study by Lepelletier et al and 13.5% by Lee et al [23], [24]. Other studies have reported the rate of SSI to range from 3% to 10.4% [15], [25], [26], [27].…”

“…According to studies conducted by Yamashita and Vardakas, diabetic patients are predisposed to a variety of infections, including nosocomial infections [28], [29]. According to Lee et al, however, diabetes is not a significant risk factor for SSI [24]. SSI in the present study was chiefly caused by E. coli (26.8%), followed by S. aureus and Klebsiella spp.…”

“…Lee et al reported this rate as 37.1% [24]. According to studies conducted by Yamashita and Vardakas, diabetic patients are predisposed to a variety of infections, including nosocomial infections [28], [29].…”

European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery expert consensus statement on the prevention and management of mediastinitis

“…Preoperative risk factors include diabetes mellitus [1, 11-13, 59, 64, 71-85], obesity [1, 11, 59, 64, 71, 72, 74-77, 80-82, 84, 86-94], advanced age [75-77, 82, 90, 95, 96], COPD [59,81,84,91,[97][98][99], heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction [1,77,81,86,95,100], smoking [1,12,82,89], female sex [75,79,95,96,101], elevated serum creatinine level or patients undergoing haemodialysis [77,81,95,100], peripheral vascular disease [1,13,80], prolonged preoperative stay in hospital [59,78,101], emergent or urgent surgery [82,99,102].…”

Clinical and Economic Consequences of Post-Operative Infections following Major Elective Surgery in U.S. Hospitals

“…Post-operative infections are typically defined to include all infections that develop within 30 d of surgery (within 365 d if the infection involves a prosthetic implant) [1]. The risk of SSI is especially high in patients who undergo emergency surgery because of inadequate pre-operative preparation, contaminated wounds, and underlying comorbidity [2][3][4][5][6]. Although a number of studies have addressed the incidence of specific types of post-operative infection (especially SSI) after selected elective procedures (e.g., total hip and knee replacement), there is little published information concerning the overall incidence of post-operative infection among patients who undergo major elective surgery in the United States.…”