Outcome of Dogs with Diabetic Ketoacidosis: 127 Dogs (1993–2003)

Abstract

The aim of this study was to retrospectively describe the outcome of 127 dogs with naturally occurring diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and to examine the association between outcome of canine DKA and clinical and clinicopathologic findings. Eighty-two (65%) dogs were diagnosed with DKA at the time of initial diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM). Eighty-seven dogs (69%) had one or more concurrent disorders diagnosed at the time of hospitalization. Commonly identified concurrent conditions included acute pancreatitis (52, 41%), urinary tract infection (21, 20%), and hyperadrenocorticism (19, 15%). Dogs with coexisting hyperadrenocorticism were less likely to be discharged from the hospital (P = .029). Of 121 treated dogs, 89 dogs (70%) survived to be discharged from the hospital, with a median hospitalization of 6 days. Nonsurvivors had lower ionized calcium concentration (P < .001), lower hematocrit (P = .036), lower venous pH (P = .0058), and larger base deficit (P = .0066) than did survivors. Time from admission to initiation of subcutaneous insulin therapy was correlated with lower serum potassium concentration (P = .0056), lower serum phosphorus concentration (P = .0043), abnormally high white blood cell count (P = .0060), large base deficit (P = .0015), and low venous pH (P < .001). Multivariate analysis showed that base deficit was associated with outcome (P = .021). For each unit increase in the base deficit, there was a 9%) greater likelihood of discharge from the hospital. In conclusion, the majority of dogs with DKA were not previously diagnosed with DM. Concurrent conditions and electrolyte abnormalities are common in DKA and are associated with length of hospitalization. Survival was correlated to degree of anemia, hypocalcemia, and acidosis.

Accuracy of capillary blood 3-β-hydroxybutyrate determination for the detection and treatment of canine diabetic ketoacidosis

“…Diabetic ketoacidosis is an acute complication of DM, and prompt diagnosis of this disease allows better outcome [15]. Diagnosis is based on the detection of hyperglycaemia, metabolic acidosis, and ketonemia or ketonuria.…”

“…Diabetic ketoacidosis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in humans and animals [15,16,21,27]; accordingly, delays in diagnosis and treatment are likely to result in increased risk of mortality to these patients [15]. Dogs with DKA require an intensive therapeutic plan involving frequent clinical assessment and laboratory monitoring [19].…”

Cetoacidose diabética canina

“…O tratamento da CAD com infusão contínua de baixas doses de insulina regular pela via intravascular é realizado com sucesso em humanos (UMPIERREZ et al, 2004a;BARONE et al, 2007) e caninos cetoacidóticos (HUME et al, 2006). O protocolo terapêutico para uso em cães foi proposto por MANCITIRE (1993), o qual consiste na adição de insulina R na dose de 2.2UI kg -1 para 24 horas (0,09UI kg -1 h -1 ), em 250mL de solução de NaCl 0,9% ou de Ringer simples.…”

“…A CAD está associada, preferencialmente, aos caninos diabéticos insulino-dependentes (CHASTAIN, 1981;HUME et al, 2006), com idade entre I Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 14870-000, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil. E-mail: crivelenti_lz@yahoo.com.br.…”

“…*Autor para correspondência. II Departamento de Clínica Médica de Pequenos Animais, Universidade de Franca (UNIFRAN), SP, Brasil. cinco e 12 anos de idade, diagnosticados entre os oito a nove anos, em média (DUARTE et al, 2002;HUME et al, 2006), sendo duas vezes mais frequente nas fêmeas que em machos (DE MARCO et al, 1999;DUARTE et al, 2002). Um estudo retrospectivo feito por HUME et al (2006) mostrou que, de 127 caninos cetoacidóticos, Poodle miniatura e toy (16%), Rottweiler (6%) e Yorkshire Terrier (5%) foram os mais acometidos.…”