Outcome of hemiplegic cerebral palsy born at term depends on its etiology

Kitai, Yukihiro; Haginoya, Kazuhiro; Hirai, Satori; Ohmura, Kayo; Ogura, Kyozo; Inui, Tomoyuki; Endo, Wakaba; Okubo, Yukimune; Anzai, Mai; Takezawa, Yusuke; Arai, Hiroshi

doi:10.1016/j.braindev.2015.09.007

Cited by 27 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Not only the localization and extent of the brain lesion, but also the aetiology, must be taken into consideration. When the cause is cerebral dysgenesis, more have severe cognitive impairments . This might possibly be linked to epilepsy: more children with a cerebral dysgenesis have epilepsy and epileptiform activity is negatively correlated with intellectual functioning …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the cause is cerebral dysgenesis, more have severe cognitive impairments. 11,71 This might possibly be linked to epilepsy: more children with a cerebral dysgenesis have epilepsy 71 and epileptiform activity is negatively correlated with intellectual functioning. 11,30 Preterm birth, especially if resulting in infarction, is associated with CP and a risk of cognitive impairment.…”

Section: Brain Lesions and Cognitive Functioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive functioning in children with cerebral palsy

Stadskleiv

2020

Develop Med Child Neuro

103

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PVL Periventricular leukomalaciaChildren with cerebral palsy (CP) have an increased risk of cognitive impairments. This narrative review of the literature discusses assessment of cognition in children with CP, presents the most salient characteristics of cognitive functioning pertaining to each subtype, and discusses the relationships between brain injury, functioning, and intervention from a developmental perspective. A search for original studies of cognitive functioning in children with different subtypes of CP was performed. The search resulted in 81 unique hits. There were few studies with a representative sample of children with CP where all participants were individually assessed. Cognitive functioning in children with the most severe motor impairments were often assumed and not assessed. Furthermore, there was a confounding of IQ below 70 and intellectual disability, possibly leading to an overestimation of the prevalence of intellectual disability. Longitudinal neuropsychological studies, including also very young children and those with the most severe speech and motor impairments, as well as intervention studies, are called for.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Brain Lesions and Cognitive Functioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive functioning in children with cerebral palsy

Stadskleiv

2020

Develop Med Child Neuro

103

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“…10,11 Presumed perinatal stroke (PPS) defines a child with a normal perinatal neurological history with emerging neurological deficits later in infancy (usually hemiparesis or focal seizures) attributable to remote focal infarction on neuroimaging. 7,8,12 Among infants with PPS, PVI has been found to be the most common 13,14 or second most common type of brain injury after AIS. 8 Long-term outcome studies of perinatal stroke are sparse, and results vary to a great extent, depending on the stroke subtypes included, duration of follow-up, and measures used for outcome evaluation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Asymmetric sensorimotor impairments (i.e., congenital hemiparesis/hemiplegia, unilateral spastic cerebral palsy) are the most common consequences, affecting up to half of children with neonatal AIS, 10,15e20 and >80% with PPS (for which retrospective diagnosis confers a selection bias). 8,14,17,18,21 While some studies report normal or near-normal cognitive ability following neonatal AIS, 22e24 others have revealed variable cognitive deficits. 25e30 There is lack of systematic studies about cognitive development of children with PPS (and especially PVI) who reach medical attention mainly due to motor deficits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term neurodevelopmental outcome after perinatal arterial ischemic stroke and periventricular venous infarction

Lõo

Ilves

Männamaa

et al. 2018

European Journal of Paediatric Neurology

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“…Rates of epilepsy after perinatal stroke vary largely due to different inclusion criteria and various periods of observation. Previous studies have shown that epilepsy develops in 21–67% of children with neonatal AIS, in 3% of children with neonatal AHS, in 17–41% of children with neonatal CSVT, in 13–41% of children with presumed AIS, and in 23% of children with presumed PVI . Some studies have not found any predictive factors for epilepsy after perinatal stroke, but others have shown that cortical lesions, large stroke size, involvement of the right middle cerebral artery or multiple territories, and neonatal seizures may predict remote seizures.…”

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confidence: 99%

Epilepsy after perinatal stroke with different vascular subtypes

et al. 2018

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SummaryObjectiveWith an incidence up to 63 per 100,000 live births, perinatal stroke is an important cause of childhood epilepsy. The aim of the study was to find the prevalence of and predictive factors for epilepsy, and to describe the course of epilepsy in children with perinatal stroke with different vascular subtypes.MethodsPatients were retrieved from the Estonian Paediatric Stroke Database with follow‐up time at least 24 months. Patients were divided into 5 perinatal stroke syndromes: neonatal arterial ischemic stroke (AIS), neonatal hemorrhagic stroke, neonatal cerebral sinovenous thrombosis, presumed AIS, and presumed periventricular venous infarction.ResultsThe final study group included 73 children with perinatal stroke (39 boys). With a median follow‐up time of 8.6 years, epilepsy was diagnosed in 21/73 (29%) children, most of whom had AIS (17/21, 81%). The 18‐year cumulative poststroke epilepsy risk according to the Kaplan‐Meier estimator was 40.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 20.7–55.9%). The median age at epilepsy diagnosis was 50 months (range 1 month to 18.4 years). Children with neonatal AIS had the highest risk of epilepsy, but children with presumed AIS more often had severe epilepsy syndromes. Cortical lesions (odds ratio [OR] 19.7, 95% CI 2.9–133), and involvement of thalamus (OR 9.8, 95% CI 1.8–53.5) and temporal lobe (OR 8.3, 95% CI 1.8–39.6) were independently associated with poststroke epilepsy.SignificanceThe risk for poststroke epilepsy after perinatal stroke depends on the vascular subtype. Patients with perinatal AIS need close follow‐up to detect epilepsy and start with antiepileptic treatment on time.

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Outcome of hemiplegic cerebral palsy born at term depends on its etiology

Cited by 27 publications

References 17 publications

Cognitive functioning in children with cerebral palsy

Cognitive functioning in children with cerebral palsy

Long-term neurodevelopmental outcome after perinatal arterial ischemic stroke and periventricular venous infarction

Epilepsy after perinatal stroke with different vascular subtypes

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