Outcome of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Homosexual Men and Its Relation to Prior Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Hadler, Stephen C.; Judson, Franklyn N.; O'Malley, Paul M.; Altman, Norman L.; Penley, Kent A.; Buchbinder, Susan; Schable, Charles A.; Coleman, Patrick J.; Ostrow, David N.; Francis, Donald

doi:10.1093/infdis/163.3.454

Cited by 227 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…An estimated 240 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis B (HBsAg positive > 6 months), and more than 686 000 people die annually due to its complications [38].Perinatal transmission, infants, and children under 5 infections with immature immune systems account for 90% of chronic HBV infections while 95% of adult infections recover fully [39][40][41]. Chronic hepatits B also occur also in immunosuppressed persons [42]. Horizontal transmission occurs when susceptible individuals and households come in contact to infected blood, and body fluids.…”

Section: Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (Hbsag)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of Routine Antenatal Laboratory Test Results at Booking in Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Southeast Nigeria

IgwebuezeOkafor¹,

UwaezuokeOdugu²,

Ndibuagu³

2017

IOSRPHR

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Objectives:To determine the patterns of routine antenatal care laboratory test results at booking in Enugu State University Teaching Hospital (ESUTH), Enugu, and to review the literature on the subject. Methods:The registers for the results of routine laboratory tests at booking in ESUTH, Enugu were reviewed from April 1, 2014 to August 31, 2016. Data on age, blood group, rhesus status, hemoglobin genotype, packed cell volume; human immunodeficiency virus screening (HIV), venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) and hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) tests at booking were collected and analyzed with Excel 2007 software. The results were presented in tables, percentages and graphs.Results: A total of 5293 mothers were tested; 2706 (51.12%) and 2500 (47.23%) of them were of ages <30 and 30-40 years respectively (Table 1). Table 2 showed the commonest blood group was 'O' 3062(57.85%). Most of the mothers 4811(90.89%) were Rhesus D positive while 482(9.11%) of them were negative. Hemoglobin genotype results were: AA 4066(76.82%), AS 1217(22.99%), and SS 8(0.15%). About 3819(72.15%) had packed cell volume of 31% and above. Table 3 revealed 232(4.83%) women tested positive to HIV, but 17(0.32%) only were new cases. Twenty eight (0.53%) women were reactive to VDRL while 166(3.14%) tested positive to HBsAg test. Many women 5061(95.62%) and 5127(96.86%) tested negative to HIV and HBsAg tests respectively. Conclusion:Most women are young (<40 years), have blood group O rhesus D positive, hemoglobin AA genotype, and are not anemic at booking. Many women are non-reactive to VDRL, HIV and HBsAg tests; and are vulnerable to infections. The marked reductions on SS genotype, VDRL and HIV new cases in this study have justified the critical preventive role of routine ANC laboratory tests in our current obstetric practice and the need for the continuation of the practice.

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Section: Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (Hbsag)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of Routine Antenatal Laboratory Test Results at Booking in Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Southeast Nigeria

IgwebuezeOkafor¹,

UwaezuokeOdugu²,

Ndibuagu³

2017

IOSRPHR

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“…Additionally, HIV patients have a higher risk of chronic infection after exposure, and experience faster progression to cirrhosis and HBV-related complications. 2,45 Further, chronic HBV is associated with poorer HIV outcomes, with a nearly twofold higher risk of AIDS/death. 46 Hence, all HIV-infected persons without evidence of HBV immunity should be vaccinated.…”

Section: Pneumococcalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination in HIV-Infected Adults

Crum-Cianflone

Wallace

2014

AIDS Patient Care and STDs

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Vaccines are critical components for protecting HIV-infected adults from an increasing number of preventable diseases. However, missed opportunities for vaccination among HIV-infected persons persist, likely due to concerns regarding the safety and efficacy of vaccines, as well as the changing nature of vaccine guidelines. In addition, the optimal timing of vaccination among HIV-infected adults in regards to HIV stage and receipt of antiretroviral therapy remain important questions. This article provides a review of the current recommendations regarding vaccines among HIV-infected adults and a comprehensive summary of the evidence-based literature of the benefits and risks of vaccines among this vulnerable population. Importance of Vaccinations for HIV Patients

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“…This is comparable to that observed in other HIV cohorts. 15,16 It has been shown that the incidence of chronic HBV infection has decreased since the HAART era. 9 Although we were unable to subdivide our group of patients between before and after the HAART era for analysis due to small numbers; it was evident that several cases of chronic HBV arose in the post-HAART era.…”

Section: Incident Hepatitis B Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incident hepatitis B infection subsequent to the diagnosis of HIV infection in a Melbourne cohort: missed opportunities for prevention

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Background:The characteristics associated with incident hepatitis B (HBV) infection in HIV-positive individuals are not well described in the Australian setting. The aim of this study is to determine the characteristics of and risk factors for HBV infection within HIV-infected individuals in a Melbourne cohort between 1985 and 2011. Methods: Individuals susceptible to HBV at their HIV diagnosis were identified using their HBV serology stored within the Victorian HIV database. Within this group, those who had a subsequent positive test for hepatitis B surface antigen or hepatitis B core antibody were identified as infected with HBV after their HIV diagnosis. Incident cases were matched with controls from the initially susceptible group who did not seroconvert for analysis. An incidence rate was calculated from the number of seroconversions and the cumulative time at risk (in 1000 patient-years of follow-up). Results: Of the 4711 patients with HIV seen more than once, 3223 had HBV testing. Of the 174 with positive HBV test results, 39 individuals met the definition of seroconversion after HIV diagnosis, representing the incident cases. The estimated HBV incidence rate was 1.81 (95% confidence interval: 1.28-2.47) per 1000 patient-years at risk. These individuals form the basis of a detailed case series and case-control study. Data collected include demographic details, immunological and virological characteristics, antiretroviral treatment and vaccination history. Conclusions: HIV-infected individuals should be screened for HBV and monitored for incident infection. Optimal control of HIV and improved vaccination coverage provide the best opportunity for prevention.

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Outcome of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Homosexual Men and Its Relation to Prior Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Cited by 227 publications

References 20 publications

Patterns of Routine Antenatal Laboratory Test Results at Booking in Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Southeast Nigeria

Patterns of Routine Antenatal Laboratory Test Results at Booking in Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Southeast Nigeria

Vaccination in HIV-Infected Adults

Incident hepatitis B infection subsequent to the diagnosis of HIV infection in a Melbourne cohort: missed opportunities for prevention

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