Outcome of Isolated PCL Avulsion Fractures Treated with Cancellous Screw Fixation

Abstract

Variations in the arterial pattern of the upper limb are very common as observed in many cadaveric and angiographic studies. Knowledge of variations in the origin and course of the radial artery is important because they are used for many diagnostic procedures as well as vascular and reconstructive surgeries like coronary angiography, percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass surgery. During routine dissection in our institute, we observed a case of high origin of the radial artery in a 33 year old male cadaver. It was found to be unilateral; on left side, radial artery was taking origin from 3 rd part of the axillary artery at the lower border of pectoralis minor before the origin of subscapular artery and anterior circumflex humeral artery. It had a superficial course in the arm crossing the median nerve from medial to lateral side. The further course of this superficial radial artery in the forearm was normal and it terminated by forming a deep Palmar arch in hand. These variations may be of great clinical implications for vascular and plastic surgeons and radiologists. Superficial course of radial artery makes it vulnerable to accidental injuries.

Surgical treatment of avulsion fracture around joints of extremities using hook plate fixation

“…The conservative treatment often has a poor therapeutic effect on avulsion fractures around joints, easily leading to fracture nonunion, joint instability and joint adhesion [4]. There are several fixations used to treat avulsion fractures, mainly including screw fixation [5], percutaneous Kirschner wire (K-wire) fixation [6], bone grafting [7], and plating fixation [8]. Internal fixation using lag screws or absorbable screws is recommended to fix large fragments, while K-wire and stainless-steel wire fixation is used to fix small fragments in order to avoid fracture nonunion [9].…”