Outcome of singleton pregnancy following in-vitro fertilization: a prospective study

Abstract

Background: It is observed that any spontaneous pregnancy does not always result in healthy baby and healthy mother. The aim of the study was to study the obstetrical outcome of singleton pregnancies following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET).Methods: All cases undergoing IVF-ET at ART Centre were followed up after Day18 (of ET) for estimation of serum beta HCG and trans-vaginal ultrasound done on day 21 and 5th week. The selected singleton pregnancies were followed for the various parameters to be studied and the data was statistically analyzed. A resultant 73 patients with single intrauterine gestational sac was followed up.Results: In our study population of 73 post IVF-ET singleton pregnancies, 13.69% underwent first and second trimester abortions. They had increased risk of developing hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Study also showed increased incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus. Yet another important outcome also included pregnancy with intrauterine growth restriction. Preterm birth was noted in 10 singleton pregnancies. Out of 73 followed up patients one third underwent caesarean delivery and another few underwent instrumental delivery. One in four babies accounted for weight more than 2.5 kgs. Out of followed up 73 cases of singleton IVF-ET pregnancies, 5 cases had congenital anomalies. Most common indication for NICU admission was respiratory distress. The incidence of small for gestational age came out to be significant.Conclusions: Outcome of singleton pregnancy after IVF-ET is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Couples should be made aware that even singleton pregnancies resulting from ART are at increased risk for obstetric complications.