“…The scales contain both clinician-based (range of motion, alignment, gait, and stability) as well as patient-based items (pain, function, walking distance and surfaces, and shoe wear) in three subscales with a maximum score of 100 points, with a lower score corresponding to greater disability. The AOFAS scales have shown low levels of validity when evaluated against SF-36, QALY (quality-adjusted life-year) scores, or the Foot Function Index (FFI) [94][95][96][97] . Despite their limitations, they remain some of the most commonly used outcome instruments for the foot and ankle 98,99 .…”