Outcome prediction by serum calprotectin in patients with COVID-19 in the emergency department

Bauer, Wolfgang; Diehl-Wiesenecker, Eva; Ulke, Jannis; Galtung, Noa; Havelka, Aleksandra Mandic; Hegel, Johannes Kolja; Tauber, Rudolf; Somasundaram, Rajan; Kappert, Kai

doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2020.11.016

Cited by 41 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The mean calprotectin levels for the severe and non-severe COVID-19 groups respectively are [4660, 2393] for combined, [7425, 3823] for serum calprotectin, and [51.3, 10.4] for fecal calprotectin levels ( Figure 2 ). All the included quantitative studies reached statistical significance except for Britton et al [ 29 ] and Bauer et al [ 27 ] ( p -value = 0.12 and 0.15) ( Table 3 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Ten studies were included overall: eight quantitative and two qualitative ( Figure 1; Table 2). Among the eight included quantitative studies, five studies discussed the comparison of serum levels of calprotectin in severe and non-severe COVID-19 patients [12,14,[25][26][27] ( Table 3). Three of the studies reported a comparison of the fecal calprotectin [18,28,29] ( Table 3).…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mean serum/fecal calprotectin was compared between the severe and non-severe groups of COVID-19 infection in these included studies (Figure 2). Among the included studies, all of the serum quantitative studies were considered to be of good quality [12,14,[25][26][27] while two of the fecal studies were of good quality [28,29] except Effenberger et al [18], which was considered to be of moderate quality (Table 2). Further, the two included studies in the qualitative category had good (Unterman et al) [33] and low (Livanos et al) [34] quality respectively (Table 4).…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Congruent upon the I 2 , is the chi-squared statistic (Q) which is 46.7 on seven degrees of freedom with a low p-value of 0.001, which is statistically significant. [14]; De Guadiana et al [25]; Shi et al [26]; Silvin et al [12]; Bauer et al [27]; Effenberger et al [16]; Ojetti et al [28]; Britton et al [29]. C. Funnel plot showing some publication bias.…”

Section: Meta-analysis Forest Plot and Sensitivity Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since there is substantial heterogeneity, there is a need to explore the data for possible causes. First of all, we conducted a subgroup analysis such that the data were analyzed as study group either reporting on serum calprotectin [study [1][2][3][4][5] [12,14,[25][26][27] or reporting on fecal calprotectin [study [6][7][8] [18,28,29]. The results respectively are as follows 1.17 [0.66, 1.67] I 2 = 79% p-value 0.001, and 1.66 [0.13, 3.19] I 2 = 93% with a p-value = 0.03.…”

Section: Subgroup Analysis and Meta-regressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Calprotectin, an Emerging Biomarker of Interest in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Udeh

Advani

Romualdo

et al. 2021

JCM

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COVID-19 has been shown to present with varied clinical course, necessitating a need for more specific diagnostic tools that could identify severe cases and predict outcomes during COVID-19 infection. Recent evidence has shown an expanded potential role for calprotectin, both as a diagnostic tool and also as a tool in stratifying COVID-19 patients in terms of severity. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the levels of calprotectin in severe and non-severe COVID-19 and also identify the implication of raised calprotectin levels. MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, Web of science and MedRxiv were searched. Meta-analysis was done to compare the serum/fecal levels of calprotectin between severe and non-severe COVID-19 infections. A total of ten studies included in the review (eight had quantitative data while two were qualitative). A pooled analysis of the eight studies from 613 patients who were RT-PCR positive for COVID-19 (average age = 55 years; 52% males) showed an overall estimate as 1.34 (95%CI: 0.77, 1.91). In conclusion, calprotectin levels have been demonstrated to be significantly elevated in COVID-19 patients who develop the severe form of the disease, and it also has prognostic importance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Meta-analysis Forest Plot and Sensitivity Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Subgroup Analysis and Meta-regressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Calprotectin, an Emerging Biomarker of Interest in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Udeh

Advani

Romualdo

et al. 2021

JCM

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Genetics of COVID‐19 and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: a systematic review

Tziastoudi

Cholevas

Stefanidis

et al. 2022

Ann Clin Transl Neurol

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COVID‐19 and ME/CFS present with some similar symptoms, especially physical and mental fatigue. In order to understand the basis of these similarities and the possibility of underlying common genetic components, we performed a systematic review of all published genetic association and cohort studies regarding COVID‐19 and ME/CFS and extracted the genes along with the genetic variants investigated. We then performed gene ontology and pathway analysis of those genes that gave significant results in the individual studies to yield functional annotations of the studied genes using protein analysis through evolutionary relationships (PANTHER) VERSION 17.0 software. Finally, we identified the common genetic components of these two conditions. Seventy‐one studies for COVID‐19 and 26 studies for ME/CFS were included in the systematic review in which the expression of 97 genes for COVID‐19 and 429 genes for ME/CFS were significantly affected. We found that ACE, HLA‐A, HLA‐C, HLA‐DQA1, HLA‐DRB1, and TYK2 are the common genes that gave significant results. The findings of the pathway analysis highlight the contribution of inflammation mediated by chemokine and cytokine signaling pathways, and the T cell activation and Toll receptor signaling pathways. Protein class analysis revealed the contribution of defense/immunity proteins, as well as protein‐modifying enzymes. Our results suggest that the pathogenesis of both syndromes could involve some immune dysfunction.

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Elevated level of circulating calprotectin correlates with severity and high mortality in patients with COVID‐19

Zhang,

Liu

et al. 2024

Immunity Inflam & Disease

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BackgroundPatients with coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) are characterized by hyperinflammation. Calprotectin (S100A8/S100A9) is a calcium‐ and zinc‐binding protein mainly secreted by neutrophilic granulocytes or macrophages and has been suggested to be correlated with the severity and prognosis of COVID‐19.AimTo thoroughly evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic utility of calprotectin in patients with COVID‐19 by analyzing relevant studies.MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were comprehensively searched from inception to August 1, 2023 to retrieve studies about the application of calprotectin in COVID‐19. Useful data such as the level of calprotectin in different groups and the diagnostic efficacy of this biomarker for severe COVID‐19 were extracted and aggregated by using Stata 16.0 software.ResultsFifteen studies were brought into this meta‐analysis. First, the pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) were used to estimate the differences in the levels of circulating calprotectin between patients with severe and non‐severe COVID‐19. The results showed an overall estimate of 1.84 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09–2.60). Diagnostic information was extracted from 11 studies, and the pooled sensitivity and specificity of calprotectin for diagnosing severe COVID‐19 were 0.75 (95% CI: 0.64–0.84) and 0.88 (95% CI: 0.79–0.94), respectively. The AUC was 0.89 and the pooled DOR was 18.44 (95% CI: 9.07–37.51). Furthermore, there was a strong correlation between elevated levels of circulating calprotectin and a higher risk of mortality outcomes in COVID‐19 patients (odds ratio: 8.60, 95% CI: 2.17–34.12; p < 0.1).ConclusionThis meta‐analysis showed that calprotectin was elevated in patients with severe COVID‐19, and this atypical inflammatory cytokine might serve as a useful biomarker to distinguish the severity of COVID‐19 and predict the prognosis.

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Outcome prediction by serum calprotectin in patients with COVID-19 in the emergency department

Cited by 41 publications

References 9 publications

Calprotectin, an Emerging Biomarker of Interest in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Calprotectin, an Emerging Biomarker of Interest in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Genetics of COVID‐19 and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome: a systematic review

Elevated level of circulating calprotectin correlates with severity and high mortality in patients with COVID‐19

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