Outcomes of children who grew up in foster care: Systematic-review

Gypen, Laura; Vanderfaeillie, Johan; Maeyer, Skrällan De; Belenger, Laurence Marie; Holen, Frank Van

doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.02.035

Cited by 321 publications

(205 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…These young people became wards of the state due to maltreatment at some point, and are expected to transition directly from foster placements (including foster homes, group homes, and congregate care) and into adulthood, having not been legally reunified with their family of origin, adopted, or placed under permanent guardianship, prior to reaching the age of majority. The research is clear that this population experiences relatively poor outcomes (see Gypen, Vanderfaeillie, De Maeyer, Belenger, & Van Holen, 2017 for a recent review), including limited educational attainment and higher rates of homelessness, unemployment, criminal justice involvement, and mental health and substance abuse challenges (e.g., Brown, Courtney, & McMillen, 2015; Courtney at al., 2018; Dworsky, Napolitano, & Courtney, 2013; Havlicek, Garcia, & Smith, 2013). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research also consistently highlights the important role of non-parental adults in improving transition outcomes for older foster youth (Ahrens et al, 2011; Geenen & Powers, 2007; Greeson & Bowen, 2008; Gypen, et al, 2017; Munson & McMillen, 2009; Thompson, Greeson, & Brunsink, 2016), and studies focus on the presence of informal relationships to help bridge the expected shift from formal to informal support resources as services end (Greeson & Thompson, 2017; Jones, 2013; Nesmith & Christophersen, 2014; Singer, Berzin, & Hokanson, 2016; Paulson & Berg, 2016). Yet, long-term foster care leaves a subgroup of emancipating youth disconnected from informal relationships, disengaged from institutions and services, and disillusioned with the child welfare system (e.g., Keller et al, 2007), just as they are being encouraged by the child welfare system to actively participate in planning for their transition into independence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding support network capacity during the transition from foster care: Youth-identified barriers, facilitators, and enhancement strategies

Blakeslee

Best

2019

Children and Youth Services Review

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This study explores how foster care experiences can impact support network functionality as young people exit the foster care system. This can be conceptualized as a function of both network member capacity to provide adequate support to address young adult needs, and network stability, which reflects cohesion within and across relationships to facilitate consistent support over time. We conducted support network mapping and semi-structured interviews with youth in foster care aged 16-20 (N=22) and used theoretical thematic analysis to explore support barriers and facilitators in relation to the organizing concepts of support capacity and network stability. Overall, support capacity was limited by interpersonal difficulties inhibiting the presence and supportiveness of some network members (including family members, informal peer and community-based connections, and caseworkers), whereas network stability facilitated multidimensional support through strong and interconnected relationships with caregivers and service providers. Emergent network patterns reflected distinct subgroups of more and less functional support networks, and strategies for network enhancement focus on promoting youth-directed services and support, developing youth skills and opportunities to invest in informal relationships, and using network assessment to identify unmet support needs. Findings advance a framework for understanding how foster care impacts support network characteristics, and inform ongoing efforts to address resulting limitations through services and programming.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding support network capacity during the transition from foster care: Youth-identified barriers, facilitators, and enhancement strategies

Blakeslee

Best

2019

Children and Youth Services Review

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“…In these studies, it has been shown that compared with their peers, adults who were placed in out-of-home care as children fared worse in a number of areas, such as education, self-support, and mental health (Gypen, Vanderfaeillie, De Maeyer, Belenger, & Van Holen, 2017;Kääriälä & Hiilamo, 2017). In the field of psychology, this corresponds with the concept "negative effect."…”

Section: Harm Related To Out-of-home Carementioning

confidence: 99%

Harmful care. To what extent is terminology from medicine and clinical psychology applicable to out‐of‐home care?

Shanks

Jönsson

Wiklund

2019

Child & Family Social Work

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Research concerning outcomes for children who have been placed in out-of-home care has indicated that the care may have unwanted consequences. However, there has been no coherent terminology for differentiating between different types of such unwanted consequences. In this article therefore, we attempt to disentangle different aspects of potentially harmful care for looked after children, as well as to discuss potential pathways to more systematically approach and report adverse events for this group. In this endeavour, we turn to two adjacent disciplines, medicine and psychology, where these issues have received more interest. The applicability of the concepts used in these fields is discussed, and it is concluded that although they provide some help in categorizing different aspects of harmful care, the complexity of out-ofhome care makes existing models difficult to adopt without adjustments. This has consequences for the possibility of evaluating care in research, as well as for monitoring adverse events in practice. Importantly, the causality will often be unknown. We therefore suggest that it is essential to shed more light on how decisions should be made about when to intervene or not in out-of-home care, despite limited information.

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“…Youths in out-of-home care often experience trouble adjusting at school and experience poor educational outcomes [1][2][3]. These adverse effects impact on them throughout their lives, because educational attainment influences employment opportunities, career trajectories, and socioeconomic status.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High School Dropout Rates of Japanese Youth in Residential Care: An Examination of Major Risk Factors

Ozawa

Hirata

2019

Behavioral Sciences

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Youths in Japanese residential care institutions often face challenges with social adaptation and career trajectories. This study aimed to examine the risk factors that lead residential care youths in Japan to drop out of high school. Eighty-nine residential care facilities completed a questionnaire that focused on the characteristics of residing high school students, their educational status, experiences of maltreatment before residence, diagnosed disabilities, and the timing of admission. A sample composed of 773 youths was analyzed. Among the facilities, the high school dropout rate among youths in residential care was 19.3% (n = 149). Data revealed that the time of admission had the utmost significant effect. The risk of dropping out for youths admitted at junior high school age was significantly higher than for youths admitted before that age. Overall, residential care youths had a higher risk of not adapting to high school, and youths receiving short-term care demonstrated difficulty continuing high school. These results illustrate the importance of psychological treatment and educational support for youth who enter residential care during adolescence. Hence, attention should be focused on improving youth engagement in school to improve their social and career outcomes.

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Outcomes of children who grew up in foster care: Systematic-review

Cited by 321 publications

References 32 publications

Understanding support network capacity during the transition from foster care: Youth-identified barriers, facilitators, and enhancement strategies

Understanding support network capacity during the transition from foster care: Youth-identified barriers, facilitators, and enhancement strategies

Harmful care. To what extent is terminology from medicine and clinical psychology applicable to out‐of‐home care?

High School Dropout Rates of Japanese Youth in Residential Care: An Examination of Major Risk Factors

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