Outcomes of endovascular treatment for acute ischaemic stroke in Mater Dei Hospital, Malta

Abstract

Introduction The aim of this study was to assess the outcomes of endovascular treatment for acute ischaemic stroke in Mater Dei Hospital, Malta and compare them with international data. Methods A prospective review of all patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy from 2015 to the end of 2019 was performed. Eligible patients had large vessel occlusion confirmed on computed tomography angiography. Demographical data, the National Institutes of Health stroke scale at presentation, endovascular procedure details and process times were analysed. The thrombolysis in cerebral infarction score was used to assess the degree of reperfusion. A thrombolysis in cerebral infarction score of 2b–3 was considered as successful recanalisation. Functional outcome (modified Rankin scale score) and mortality at 90 days were measured. Functional independence was defined as a modified Rankin scale score of 2 or less. Results A total of 132 patients underwent endovascular treatment, one patient was excluded due to incomplete data. The mean age was 71 (range 25–94) years, and the mean National Institutes of Health stroke scale at presentation was 14. Of the 131 patients treated, 69 received intravenous thrombolysis. Successful recanalisation (thrombolysis in cerebral infarction score 2b–3) was achieved in 80% of patients (105/131); 53% of patients (69/131) achieved functional independence at 90 days, with a mortality of 21% at 90 days. Symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage was recorded in 16 patients (12%) There was a statistical difference in the functional independence and mortality rate in favour of the successful recanalisation group. Conclusion Our data are consistent with a favourable clinical outcome after successful recanalisation. Service in Malta is achieving favourable outcomes for patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischaemic stroke.