Outcrop Studies of Shale Smears on Fault Surface

Lindsay, N. G.; Murphy, F. C.; Walsh, John J.; Watterson, J.

doi:10.1002/9781444303957.ch6

Cited by 82 publications

(69 citation statements)

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“…It is well-known that fault-wall topography affects the thickness of the fault core (Lindsay et al, 1993). A fault-wall asperity is likely to be abraded away as displacement increases and the fault core develops.…”

Section: Variations In Fault Wall Geometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Along-strike fault core thickness variations of a fault in poorly lithified sediments, Miri (Malaysia)

Rosa

Shipton

Lunn

et al. 2018

Journal of Structural Geology

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This version is available at https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/65335/ Strathprints is designed to allow users to access the research output of the University of Strathclyde. Unless otherwise explicitly stated on the manuscript, Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Please check the manuscript for details of any other licences that may have been applied. You may not engage in further distribution of the material for any profitmaking activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute both the url (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/) and the content of this paper for research or private study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge.Any correspondence concerning this service should be sent to the Strathprints administrator: strathprints@strath.ac.ukThe Strathprints institutional repository (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk) is a digital archive of University of Strathclyde research outputs. It has been developed to disseminate open access research outputs, expose data about those outputs, and enable the management and persistent access to Strathclyde's intellectual output. The degree to which a fault will impede fluid flow is only as great as its most permeable point. Processes that determine areas of the fault surface containing transmissible fault rocks must be utilized to produce reliable predictions of cross-fault fluid flow. We use a study site in Miri, Malaysia, to investigate in detail the fault-core thickness variations along-strike and down dip, and to quantify the risk of discontinuities in the clay-rich fault core. Four fault-core types have been identified: foliated clay-rich fault core, chaotic clay-rich fault core, anastomosing sandy shear zones and sandy breccia. We performed a geostatistical analysis, showing a correlation over 3 m scale, suggesting the presence of 'patches' of thin and thick fault core generally less than 3 m in length in profile.We interpret this geometry as superimposition of two or more different deformation processes at a smaller and a larger scale. We speculate about the processes that could produce the observed distribution of thickness and composition, and in particular, processes that could have disrupted the through-going clay-rich core.

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Section: Variations In Fault Wall Geometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Along-strike fault core thickness variations of a fault in poorly lithified sediments, Miri (Malaysia)

Rosa

Shipton

Lunn

et al. 2018

Journal of Structural Geology

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“…In a wider context, heterogeneity within a fault core in carbonates can be further emphasized by complex fault core facies association (e.g., Bastesen & Braathen, 2010) due to the coexistence of shale smear and clay gouge (e.g., Lindsay et al, 1993;Yielding et al, 1997), carbonate breccia (Billi, 2005b;Micarelli et al, 2003Micarelli et al, , 2006 and/or secondary calcite (e.g., Benedicto et al, 2008).…”

Section: Bucci Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial migration through low-permeability fault zones in compartmentalised aquifer systems: a case study in Southern Italy

Bucci¹,

Petrella²,

Naclerio³

et al. 2014

IJS

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“…If they are cataclastic, a higher proportion of fine matrix coincides with lower permeability in the fault rocks [30,31]. Presence of clay incorporated by smearing or resulting from pressure solution zones as insoluble minerals also drastically reduces permeability [32,33]. In general, two damage zones composed of highly fractured host rocks surround the core zone [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fault-Related Controls on Upward Hydrothermal Flow: An Integrated Geological Study of the Têt Fault System, Eastern Pyrénées (France)

et al. 2017

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The way faults control upward fluid flow in nonmagmatic hydrothermal systems in extensional context is still unclear. In the Eastern Pyrénées, an alignment of twenty-nine hot springs (29 ∘ C to 73 ∘ C), along the normal Têt fault, offers the opportunity to study this process. Using an integrated multiscale geological approach including mapping, remote sensing, and macro-and microscopic analyses of fault zones, we show that emergence is always located in crystalline rocks at gneiss-metasediments contacts, mostly in the Têt fault footwall. The hot springs distribution is related to high topographic reliefs, which are associated with fault throw and segmentation. In more detail, emergence localizes either (1) in brittle fault damage zones at the intersection between the Têt fault and subsidiary faults or (2) in ductile faults where dissolution cavities are observed along foliations, allowing juxtaposition of metasediments. Using these observations and 2D simple numerical simulation, we propose a hydrogeological model of upward hydrothermal flow. Meteoric fluids, infiltrated at high elevation in the fault footwall relief, get warmer at depth because of the geothermal gradient. Topography-related hydraulic gradient and buoyancy forces cause hot fluid rise along permeability anisotropies associated with lithological juxtapositions, fracture, and fault zone compositions.

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Outcrop Studies of Shale Smears on Fault Surface

Cited by 82 publications

References 0 publications

Along-strike fault core thickness variations of a fault in poorly lithified sediments, Miri (Malaysia)

Along-strike fault core thickness variations of a fault in poorly lithified sediments, Miri (Malaysia)

Bacterial migration through low-permeability fault zones in compartmentalised aquifer systems: a case study in Southern Italy

Fault-Related Controls on Upward Hydrothermal Flow: An Integrated Geological Study of the Têt Fault System, Eastern Pyrénées (France)

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