Outdoor mass culture of Spirulina platensis in Vietnam

Kim, Dang Din

doi:10.1007/bf00023380

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…They are capable of rapid uptake of nutrients and CO 2 , possess faster cell growth and have much higher photosynthetic efficiency than most of the land-based plants. Since ancient time, microalgae have been used in human health food products (Kim 1990;Khan et al 2005), feeds for fish and livestock (Duerr et al 1998;Becker 2007), and have been cultured for their high-value oils (Belarbi et al 2000;Molina Grima et al 2003;Wen and Chen 2003;Spolaore et al 2006), chemicals, pharmaceutical products (Guerin et al 2003;Pulz and Gross 2004;Spolaore et al 2006), and pigments (Pulz and Gross 2004;Spolaore et al 2006). Microalgae can provide diverse forms of renewable biofuels including biomethane (by anaerobic digestion of the algal biomass), biodiesel (from microalgal oil), bioethanol (by fermentation of the microalgal carbohydrates), and photobiologically produced biohydrogen (Akkerman et al 2002;Banerjee et al 2002;Gavrilescu and Chisti 2005;Kapdan and Kargi 2006;Ragauskas et al 2006;Spolaore et al 2006;Huntley and Redalje 2007;Dismukes et al 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microalgae as second generation biofuel. A review

Singh¹,

Dhar²

2011

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

155

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Microalgae are autotrophic microorganisms having extremely high photosynthetic efficiency and are valued as rich source of lipids, hydrocarbons, and other complex oils for biodiesel besides being an invaluable source of bioethanol, biomethane, and biohydrogen. Biodiesel produced from oilseed crops such as jatropha and soy have lower yields per unit land area and threaten food security. Indeed, microalgae have higher oil yields amounting to about 40 times more oil per unit area of land in comparison to terrestrial oilseed crops such as soy and canola. Further, microalgae production does not require arable land for cultivation. Biofuel is regarded as a proven clean energy source and several entrepreneurs are attempting to commercialize this renewable source. Technology for producing and using biofuel has been known for several years and is frequently modified and upgraded. In view of this, a review is presented on microalgae as second generation biofuel. Microalgal farming for biomass production is the biggest challenge and opportunity for the biofuel industry. These are considered to be more efficient in converting solar energy into chemical energy and are amongst the most efficient photosynthetic plants on earth. Microalgae have simple cellular structure, a lipid-rich composition, and a rapid rate of reproduction. Many microalgal strains can be grown in saltwater and other harsh conditions. Some autotrophic microalgae can also be converted to heterotrophic ones to accumulate high quality oils using organic carbon. However, there are several technical challenges that need to be addressed to make microalgal biofuel profitable. The efficiency of microalgal biomass production is highly influenced by environmental conditions, e.g., light of proper intensity and wavelength, temperature, CO 2 concentration, nutrient composition, salinities and mixing conditions, and by the choice of cultivation systems: open versus closed pond systems, photobioreactors. Currently, microalgae for commercial purpose are grown mostly in open circular/elongated "raceway" ponds which generally have low yields and high production costs. However, a hybrid system combining closed photobioreactor and open pond is a better option. The biggest hurdle in commercialization of microalgal biofuel is the high cost and energy requirement for the microalgal biomass production, particularly agitation, harvesting, and drying of biomass. In order to conserve energy and reduce costs, algae are often harvested in a two-step process involving flocculation followed by centrifugation, filtration, or micro-straining to get a solid concentration. However, the major bottlenecks in algal biodiesel production within the cell can be identified and handled by adopting a system approach involving transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. Research and developments in the field of new materials and advanced designs for cultivation in closed bioreactors, use of waste water for biomass production, screening of efficient strains, high-value coproduct strategy,...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microalgae as second generation biofuel. A review

Singh¹,

Dhar²

2011

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

155

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“…In Viet Nam, first culture of spirulina was conducted in 1980s (Nguyen et al, 1980). Mass culture of spirulina was started in 1990s (Kim, 1990). Spirulina platensis powder is used as a health food tablet under the brand name "Linavina" and "Pirulamin" in Viet Nam.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lonar Crater Lake of India: An Abundant Source of Highaly Economic Important Spirulina

Dabhade¹

2015

IJRBAT

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Lonar Crater is the third largest natural salt-water lake in the world situated in Buldana district of Maharashtra State, India (19o58'N and 76o31'E). Lonar Lake is an inland saline crater of the only one of its kind in Asia, which depicts unique limnology and biodiversity. Due to its importance to the humans study was carried out with respect to plankton especially on Spirulina. It was observed to support luxuriant bloom of pytoplakton dominated by plantensis-a protein rich blue green alga of commercial important apart from spirulina, more algal species belonging to chlorophyceae, cyanophyceae and bacillariophyceae were also present in lonar lake water. Spirulina is well known indicator of brackish water or etrophic lake water, This Lake can be used for exploitation protein rich algal biomass. This paper discusses the abundant growth of Spirulina in the Lonar crater.

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