Outdoor stability testing of perovskite solar cells: Necessary step toward real-life applications

Abstract

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are among the most promising emerging photovoltaic technologies, due to their high efficiency, comparable to that of silicon solar cells. However, concerns about the stability of these devices remain, despite great progress achieved in recent years. To address these concerns, comprehensive investigations of their stability under realistic operating conditions are necessary. In this Perspective, we will discuss the outdoor testing of PSCs. We will first introduce degradation mechanisms relevant for intrinsic stability, as well as degradation mechanisms due to ambient exposure. Effective encapsulation of PSCs will then be discussed, followed by a summary of achieved progress and discussion of testing protocols and equipment to make outdoor testing more accessible. Finally, challenges and future outlook will be discussed.

Artificial Intelligence-Based, Wavelet-Aided Prediction of Long-Term Outdoor Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells

“…Operational conditions outdoors include diurnal light/dark cycling and varying temperatures, illumination intensity, and spectrum during sunlight hours. While the PSC performance dependence on each of these factors was determined, it is highly sensitive to combinations of them, making predictions of outdoor daily energy yield rather complex . Further complication arises from well-known PSC transient performance variations on time scales from seconds to days, superimposed on nonreversible, long-term degradation. − …”