Outdoor thermal comfort and outdoor activities: A review of research in the past decade

Chen, Liang; Ng, Edward

doi:10.1016/j.cities.2011.08.006

Cited by 531 publications

(303 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…However, analyzing data from multiple dates may improve the reliability of future results. Fourth, LST does not directly indicate the thermal comfort level of humans, although how the thermal sensations of people influence their behavior is important in the context of urban planning [37]. An existing study on remote sensing [38] found that land surface temperature is linearly associated with surface air temperature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the Association between Physical Characteristics of Green Space and Land Surface Temperature: A Case Study of Ulsan, Korea

Park

Cho

2016

Sustainability

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Abstract:The rapid increase of impervious surfaces and the dense development that accompanies urban growth has reduced the amount of green space in urban landscapes and increased urban surface temperatures. Accordingly, the greening of urban spaces has been proposed as one approach to mitigating urban heat island (UHI) effects. To find the most practical green space design for reducing land surface temperatures (LSTs), we explored the effects of the physical characteristics of green spaces on cooling intensity and distance. The physical characteristics of green spaces were defined as shape, size, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and the land-use type of their surroundings. LANDSAT 8 images were used to examine 30 green spaces in Ulsan, Korea. The analytical results showed that the cooling effect was mainly observed within 120 m of a green area and that the intensity of the cooling effects did not exceed 3.0 K. A belt-shaped green space had a greater cooling distance compared to a compact green space. We also found that the NDVI and size of a green space had a positive but non-linear association with cooling intensity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the Association between Physical Characteristics of Green Space and Land Surface Temperature: A Case Study of Ulsan, Korea

Park

Cho

2016

Sustainability

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“…Furthermore, within a subsequent study by Nikolopoulou and Steemers [94] six intangible characteristics were identified and correlated to pedestrian psychology within outdoor environments, namely: naturalness, expectations, past experience, time of exposure, and #i [88] (Review Article) Analysed eight outdoor thermal comfort studies that combined thermal indices with behavioural aspects and concluded that the perception of thermal comfort should be approached through four interconnected levels: (i) physical, (ii) physiological, (iii) psychological, and (iv) social/behavioural #ii [89] Identified that although the presence of comfort conditions generally led to a higher amount of pedestrians, only 35% of the interviewees were located within theoretical comfort conditions #iii [90] Identified that transitory exposure and thermal expectation can present a major influence on pedestrian subjective assessments and thermal contentment, and that 'steady-state' models such as PMV were revealed to be inappropriate for the assessment of short-term outdoor thermal comfort #iv [91] In line with the European Union project RUROS [92], it was identified that the behaviour of pedestrians was dependant both on the outdoor thermal conditions and individual expectations. Such a result was exemplified when people left air conditioned/indoor contexts for direct sunshine, even if such an exposure implied PET values that would exceed comfort ranges #v [79] Within the study's field survey, it was identified that 90% of pedestrians chose to stay under shade trees or shelters.…”

Section: (No) Source Selected Study Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approaches to Outdoor Thermal Comfort Thresholds through Public Space Design: A Review

et al. 2018

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Based on the Köppen Geiger (KG) classification system, this review article examines existing studies and projects that have endeavoured to address local outdoor thermal comfort thresholds through Public Space Design (PSD). The review is divided into two sequential stages, whereby (1) overall existing approaches to pedestrian thermal comfort thresholds are reviewed within both quantitative and qualitative spectrums; and (2) the different techniques and measures are reviewed and framed into four Measure Review Frameworks (MRFs), in which each type of PSD measure is presented alongside its respective local scale urban specificities/conditions and their resulting thermal attenuation outcomes. The result of this review article is the assessment of how current practices of PSD within three specific subcategories of the KG 'Temperate' group have addressed microclimatic aggravations such as elevated urban temperatures and Urban Heat Island (UHI) effects. Based upon a bottom-up approach, the interdisciplinary practice of PSD is hence approached as a means to address existing and future thermal risk factors within the urban public realm in an era of potential climate change.

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“…o A comprehensive presentation of the thermal comfort studies that have been conducted across the world the last decades are presented in the review works of Chen and Ng (2012) and Rupp et al (2015) An earlier review by Nikolopoulou (2011) identified that the majority of previous research is in broad agreement on the difficulty of approaching thermal comfort and adaptation plays an important role. Adaptation is the process of change by which an organism becomes better suited to its environment and can be divided into physical, physiological and psychological (Nikolopoulou, Baker, and Steemers 1999b;Nikolopoulou and Steemers 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal differences in thermal sensation in the outdoor urban environment of Mediterranean climates – the example of Athens, Greece

2017

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Outdoor urban areas are very important for cities and microclimate is a critical parameter in the design process, contributing to thermal comfort which is important for urban developments. The research presented in this paper is part of extensive field surveys conducted in Athens aimed at investigating people's thermal sensation in a Mediterranean city. Based on 2313 questionnaires and microclimatic data the current work focuses on the relative frequencies of people's evaluation of the thermal along with the sun and wind sensations between two seasons trying to identify the seasonal differences in thermal sensation. The impact of basic meteorological factors on thermal discomfort with respect to season are also examined, as well as the use of the outdoor environment. Results show that psychological adaptation is an important contributing factor influencing perception of the thermal environment between seasons. In addition, the thermal sensation votes during the cool months show that individuals are satisfied to a great extend with the thermal environment whereas the combination of high air temperature, strong solar radiation and weak wind lead to thermal discomfort during summertime. As far as the appropriate urban design in the Mediterranean climate is concerned, priority should be given to the warm months of the year.

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Outdoor thermal comfort and outdoor activities: A review of research in the past decade

Cited by 531 publications

References 41 publications

Examining the Association between Physical Characteristics of Green Space and Land Surface Temperature: A Case Study of Ulsan, Korea

Examining the Association between Physical Characteristics of Green Space and Land Surface Temperature: A Case Study of Ulsan, Korea

Approaches to Outdoor Thermal Comfort Thresholds through Public Space Design: A Review

Seasonal differences in thermal sensation in the outdoor urban environment of Mediterranean climates – the example of Athens, Greece

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