Outdoor-to-Indoor Channel Measurement and Coverage Analysis for 5G Typical Spectrums

Zhong, Zhimeng; Zhao, Junfeng; Li, Chao

doi:10.1155/2019/3981678

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…As the exercise took place inside the tunnel, the 5G connection was compromised, losing signal soon after the firefighter went into the tunnel. This is a limitation imposed by the trade-off offered by 5G between favorable low latency and data rate against low obstacle penetration [ 50 ]. LoRa technology is limited by requirements for public use of a frequency band, which decreases the length of sent packets and the sending frequency in a way that precludes obtaining enough data to represent high-frequency bio-signals, such as ECG.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enabling Remote Responder Bio-Signal Monitoring in a Cooperative Human–Robot Architecture for Search and Rescue

Vera-Ortega

Vázquez-Martín

Lozano

et al. 2022

Sensors

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The roles of emergency responders are challenging and often physically demanding, so it is essential that their duties are performed safely and effectively. In this article, we address real-time bio-signal sensor monitoring for responders in disaster scenarios. In particular, we propose the integration of a set of health monitoring sensors suitable for detecting stress, anxiety and physical fatigue in an Internet of Cooperative Agents architecture for search and rescue (SAR) missions (SAR-IoCA), which allows remote control and communication between human and robotic agents and the mission control center. With this purpose, we performed proof-of-concept experiments with a bio-signal sensor suite worn by firefighters in two high-fidelity SAR exercises. Moreover, we conducted a survey, distributed to end-users through the Fire Brigade consortium of the Provincial Council of Málaga, in order to analyze the firefighters’ opinion about biological signals monitoring while on duty. As a result of this methodology, we propose a wearable sensor suite design with the aim of providing some easy-to-wear integrated-sensor garments, which are suitable for emergency worker activity. The article offers discussion of user acceptance, performance results and learned lessons.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enabling Remote Responder Bio-Signal Monitoring in a Cooperative Human–Robot Architecture for Search and Rescue

Vera-Ortega

Vázquez-Martín

Lozano

et al. 2022

Sensors

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“…In the mmWave band, it is challenging to serve an indoor UE by an outdoor BS because of the large penetration loss of the building materials and almost total blockage of building walls [26]. In [26]- [28], the indoor coverage at mmWave band in a building with an outdoor BS was studied. It is illustrated…”

Section: Outdoor-to-indoor Communication In Mmwave Bandmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The height of the BS and the building level where the UE is located are set as 200 and 100 meters, respectively. Among different building materials, glass windows are considered critical materials for designing and optimizing O2I coverage since their penetration loss is less than that of other building materials which depends on the composition, thickness, and layers of windows and varies greatly over frequency [26], [49].…”

Section: A Snr Coverage Comparison Between Ris-assisted Model and Its...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling RIS Empowered Outdoor-to-Indoor Communication in mmWave Cellular Networks

Nemati,

Maham,

Pokhrel

et al. 2021

Preprint

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With the increasing adoption of millimeter-waves (mmWave) over cellular networks, outdoor-to-indoor (O2I) communication has been one of the challenging research problems due to high penetration loss of buildings. To address this, we investigate the practicability of utilizing reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) for assisting such O2I communication. We propose a new notion of prefabricated RIS-empowered wall consisting of a large number of chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) sensors. Each sensor maintains its own bank of delay lines. These sensors which are built within the building walls can potentially be controlled by a main integrated circuit (IC) to regulate the phase of impinging signals. To evaluate our idea, we develop a thorough performance analysis of the RIS-based O2I communication in the mmWave network using stochasticgeometry tools for blockage models. Our analysis facilitates two closed-form approximations of the downlink signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) coverage probability for RIS-based O2I communication. We perform extensive simulations to evaluate the accuracy of the derived expressions, thus providing new observations and findings.

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“…• Call drop ratio • Worst affected call • Connection with good voice quality As indicated by TRAI report higher call drop ratio depends upon the Radio Frequency (RF) related issues i.e. 50% of call drop occurs due to propagation factors such as reflection, multipath fading, diffraction, and shadowing of signal [5][6][7][8]. Table 1 shows different causes of call drop.…”

Section: • Accessibility • Connection Setup • Connection Continuation • Routingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobility Improvement by Optimizing Channel Model Coverage Through Fine Tuning

Gupta

Ghanshala

Joshi

2021

JCSANDM

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Empirical channel models were always an important tool for proper wireless network planning. These models consider the properties of electromagnetic waves and terrain conditions. The efficiency and accuracy of these Empirical models suffer when they are used for an area other than where they have been designed. So tuning of these models is required for proper and accurate prediction of coverage and it is done by taking the correction factor into account. Comparison of four Empirical models i.e, the Lee, the ECC-33 model, the WI model, the Ericsson model, the COST 231, and SUI is done with Measured path loss, and the best model with minimum error is then selected for tuning. Field data of LTE network at 2300 MHz is collected at two sites of Uttarakhand-India. It is analysed that the Ericsson model shows minimum RMSE, Standard Deviation, and Mean error as compared to measured path loss, followed by the Okumura model. The Ericsson model is then tuned to further reduce the error. Validation of the tuned model is done at Haridwar.

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Outdoor-to-Indoor Channel Measurement and Coverage Analysis for 5G Typical Spectrums

Cited by 20 publications

References 13 publications

Enabling Remote Responder Bio-Signal Monitoring in a Cooperative Human–Robot Architecture for Search and Rescue

Enabling Remote Responder Bio-Signal Monitoring in a Cooperative Human–Robot Architecture for Search and Rescue

Modeling RIS Empowered Outdoor-to-Indoor Communication in mmWave Cellular Networks

Mobility Improvement by Optimizing Channel Model Coverage Through Fine Tuning

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