Outflow of low-energy O&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; ion beams observed during periods without substorms

Parks, G. K.; Lee, E.; Fu, S. Y.; Fillingim, M. O.; Dandouras, I.; Cui, Yan; Hong, J.; Rème, H.

doi:10.5194/angeo-33-333-2015

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…On average, O + dominates the global outflow of heavier ions. Estimates range from less than 10 25 to more than 10 26 ions s −1 , higher at higher geomagnetic activity and for more intense solar EUV radiation (Yau et al 1988, Cully et al 2003, Peterson et al 2006, 2008, Parks et al 2015. (30 000 ton yr −1 ).…”

Section: Outflow Of Ionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Previously hidden low-energy ions: a better map of near-Earth space and the terrestrial mass balance

André

2015

Phys. Scr.

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This is a review of the mass balance of planet Earth, intended also for scientists not usually working with space physics or geophysics. The discussion includes both outflow of ions and neutrals from the ionosphere and upper atmosphere, and the inflow of meteoroids and larger objects. The focus is on ions with energies less than tens of eV originating from the ionosphere. Positive low-energy ions are complicated to detect onboard sunlit spacecraft at higher altitudes, which often become positively charged to several tens of volts. We have invented a technique to observe low-energy ions based on the detection of the wake behind a charged spacecraft in a supersonic ion flow. We find that low-energy ions usually dominate the ion density and the outward flux in large volumes in the magnetosphere. The global outflow is of the order of 10 26 ions s -1 . This is a significant fraction of the total number outflow of particles from Earth, and changes plasma processes in near-Earth space. We compare order of magnitude estimates of the mass outflow and inflow for planet Earth and find that they are similar, at around 1 kg s −1 (30 000 ton yr −1 ). We briefly discuss atmospheric and ionospheric outflow from other planets and the connection to evolution of extraterrestrial life.

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Section: Outflow Of Ionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Previously hidden low-energy ions: a better map of near-Earth space and the terrestrial mass balance

André

2015

Phys. Scr.

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“…The ions of ionospheric origin flow out into the Earth's magnetosphere as the polar wind, upwelling from the cusp, polar cap and ion beams which are accelerated in the auroral zone by the parallel electric fields. These escaping ions have been observed by observations from radars on the ground and also by numerous satellites (Parks et al 2015). Electron acceleration along the magnetic field is a key process for aurora generation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Olsen and Chappell (1986) have reported the evidence of H + , He + and O + ions in the night side auroral region based on thermal ion measurements from the Retarding Ion Mass Spectrometer (RIMS) on Dynamics Explorer 1 (DE 1). The observations from other satellites confirming the existence of H + , He + and O + ions include Interball Auroral Probe (IAP) (Dubouloz et al 1998), FAST (Chaston et al 2003a, 2003b and Cluster (Chaston et al 2005;Parks et al 2015). The average ion mass of H + is 1, He + is 4 and O + is 16.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Watt et al (2005) developed a kinetic simulation code assuming Maxwellian plasma for studying the electron response to the propagating IAW pulses in auroral region. These waves have been rigorously investigated considering Maxwellian distribution function of electrons and ions in AAR as well as laboratory plasma (Thompson and Lysak 1996;Chaston et al 2002;Dubinin et al 2005;Watt et al 2006;Rankin 2007, 2008;Parks et al 2015). Agarwal et al (2011Agarwal et al ( , 2014 have investigated frequency and damping rate of IAW in cusp and plasma sheet boundary layer region considering finite ion gyroradius effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inertial Alfvén waves in auroral acceleration region with H+, He+ and O+ ions plasma

Tamrakar

Varma

Tiwari

2019

Astrophys Space Sci

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The propagation of inertial Alfvén wave is investigated in cold, low-β, homogeneous and bi-Maxwellian plasma consisting of multi-ions (H + , He + and O + ). Kinetic approach is adopted to derive the dispersion relation, damping rate, group velocity and growth/ damping length of the wave. Figures are exhibited with respect to ck ⊥ /ω pe . Effects of density variation with multi-ions are analysed on frequency, damping rate, parallel and perpendicular components of group velocity and growth/ damping length of the inertial Alfvén wave. It is found that varying densities of multi-ions significantly influence the frequency, damping rate and group velocity of inertial Alfvén wave. The wave frequency is observed between 0.5 to 18 s −1 pertaining to observational data. The increasing density of heavy ions reduces the frequency of waves. The presence of He + and O + enhances the damping of wave showing more transfer of energy from wave to particles leading to increase in electron acceleration. The order of parallel and perpendicular group velocity is found to be 10 9 cm/s and 10 5 cm/s respectively. Maximum perpendicular growth length is observed corresponding to the minimum damping rate of wave at ck ⊥ /ω pe < 1, signifying the dynamics in transverse direction to the magnetic field which are more significant in the present analysis. The parameters relevant to auroral acceleration region are used for graphical analysis. The applications of present study may be towards the electron acceleration in the dynamics of auroral acceleration region consisting of heavy ions in background plasma.

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“…They have been also supplying key information on plasma sources and losses (e.g. Engwall et al 2009;Dandouras 2013;Parks et al 2015;Nagai et al 2016;Slapak et al 2017;Xu et al 2019). However, the moderate mass resolution of their instrumentation (m/ m ≈ 5-7 for CODIF onboard Cluster (Rème et al 2001) and m/ m ≈ 4 for HPCA on board MMS (Young et al 2016)) does not allow distinguishing nitrogen from oxygen ions or any isotope ratios.…”

Section: Magnetospheric Missionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future Missions Related to the Determination of the Elemental and Isotopic Composition of Earth, Moon and the Terrestrial Planets

et al. 2020

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In this chapter, we review the contribution of space missions to the determination of the elemental and isotopic composition of Earth, Moon and the terrestrial planets, with special emphasis on currently planned and future missions. We show how these missions are going to significantly contribute to, or sometimes revolutionise, our understanding of planetary evolution, from formation to the possible emergence of life. We start with the Earth, which is a unique habitable body with actual life, and that is strongly related to its atmosphere. The new wave of missions to the Moon is then reviewed, which are going to study its formation history, the structure and dynamics of its tenuous exosphere and the interaction of the Moon’s surface and exosphere with the different sources of plasma and radiation of its environment, including the solar wind and the escaping Earth’s upper atmosphere. Missions to study the noble gas atmospheres of the terrestrial planets, Venus and Mars, are then examined. These missions are expected to trace the evolutionary paths of these two noble gas atmospheres, with a special emphasis on understanding the effect of atmospheric escape on the fate of water. Future missions to these planets will be key to help us establishing a comparative view of the evolution of climates and habitability at Earth, Venus and Mars, one of the most important and challenging open questions of planetary science. Finally, as the detection and characterisation of exoplanets is currently revolutionising the scope of planetary science, we review the missions aiming to characterise the internal structure and the atmospheres of these exoplanets.

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Outflow of low-energy O<sup>+</sup> ion beams observed during periods without substorms

Cited by 9 publications

References 48 publications

Previously hidden low-energy ions: a better map of near-Earth space and the terrestrial mass balance

Previously hidden low-energy ions: a better map of near-Earth space and the terrestrial mass balance

Inertial Alfvén waves in auroral acceleration region with H+, He+ and O+ ions plasma

Future Missions Related to the Determination of the Elemental and Isotopic Composition of Earth, Moon and the Terrestrial Planets

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