Outgrowth of
            <i>Bacillus cereus</i>
            Spores Harboring Bacteriophage CP-51 DNA I. Initiation of Bacteriophage Development

Cohen, Amnon; Ben-Ze’ev, H.; Yashouv, Judith

doi:10.1128/jvi.11.5.648-654.1973

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Phage infection of Bacillus has been used to explore the control mechanisms associated with the switchover from vegetative growth to sporulation (6, 9,17) and from dormancy to active growth (3,5). Such studies have indicated that, relative to the capacity for phage production during vegetative growth, phage production at other stages in the cell's life cycle is greatly diminished.…”

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confidence: 99%

Behavior of a temperate bacteriophage in differentiating cells of Bacillus subtilis

Osburne¹,

Sonenshein²

1976

J Virol

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confidence: 99%

Behavior of a temperate bacteriophage in differentiating cells of Bacillus subtilis

Osburne¹,

Sonenshein²

1976

J Virol

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“…The timing of oe expression in germinating B. subtilis has certain parallels to the timing of expression of phage CP51 in B. cereus spores (5). This latter phage also has an increased latent period in outgrowing spores and shuts-off host DNA synthesis after 50 min.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The resultant carrier spores can produce phage only during outgrowth. An analogous system has been described for Bacillus cereus (5).…”

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Nucleic acid synthesis and ribonucleic acid polymerase specificity in germinating and outgrowing spores of Bacillus subtilis

Buu¹,

Sonenshein²

1975

J Bacteriol

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Nucleic acid synthesis was studied during germination and outgrowth of normal spores of Bacillus subtilis, as well as of spores carrying the genome of phage oe. In a system in which development was restricted to the spore-darkening phase, synthesis of ribonucleic acid (RNA), but not deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), was detected. The extent of RNA synthesis and turnover during this phase was similar for the two types of spores. In a partially darkened population of spores of either type, there was little RNA degradation, whereas there was considerable turnover in a fully darkened population. The DNA-dependent RNA polymerase of dormant or dark spores was not active in vitro with the DNA as template, although a sigma-like factor could be separated from the polymerizing activity by zone centrifugation. Within 40 min after resuspension of dark spores in a medium that allows outgrowth, the enzyme acquired the ability to transcribe the phage DNA efficiently. During outgrowth, both normal and carrier spores synthesized DNA, but in carrier spores this DNA was almost entirely phage specific. The pattern of RNA accumulation in normal spores was in two distinct phases (0 to 60 min and 90 to 180 min). The second phase was absent in outgrowing carrier spores. The burst of phage in carrier spores occurred at 160 to 180 min.Among prokaryotic developmental phenomena, the process of spore germination and outgrowth is particularly interesting to study since it is naturally synchronous and characterized by sequential changes in cell structure and gene expression (7). To study the control of gene expression during outgrowth in a simplified system, we have taken advantage of the finding that infection of sporulating cells of Bacillus subtilis by the virulent bacteriophage oe results not only in lack of phage reproduction but also in trapping of the phage genome within the developing spore (23). The resultant carrier spores can produce phage only during outgrowth. An analogous system has been described for Bacillus cereus (5).Control at the level of ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis during outgrowth is suggested by the finding of Armstrong et al. (1, 2) that transcription of the B. subtilis chromosome is ordered in time. They observed the synthesis of 16S and 23S ribosomal RNA before RNA of heterogeneous size (taken to be messenger RNA) began to be synthesized. In addition, others have shown that RNA synthesis is required for successful outgrowth (11), that different RNA species are found in outgrowing spores than in either vegetative or sporulating cells (8), that the appearance of certain bacterial proteins is ordered (9,24,28), and that deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) replication is delayed during outgrowth (12,20,25,29). As a result, we have placed particular emphasis on comparing nucleic acid synthesis in germinating and outgrowing normal and carrier spores in the hope of finding when the carried phage genome begins to be expressed.Since Oe-induces little or no detectable synthesis of phage-specific proteins or DNA in infected sporulating ...

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Bacillus Subtilis RNA Polymerase and its Modification in Sporulating and Phage‐Infected Bacteria

Losick¹,

Pero²

1976

Advances in Enzymology - And Related Areas of Molecular Biology

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Outgrowth of Bacillus cereus Spores Harboring Bacteriophage CP-51 DNA I. Initiation of Bacteriophage Development

Cited by 12 publications

References 19 publications

Behavior of a temperate bacteriophage in differentiating cells of Bacillus subtilis

Behavior of a temperate bacteriophage in differentiating cells of Bacillus subtilis

Nucleic acid synthesis and ribonucleic acid polymerase specificity in germinating and outgrowing spores of Bacillus subtilis

Bacillus Subtilis RNA Polymerase and its Modification in Sporulating and Phage‐Infected Bacteria

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