Outlaw biker affiliations and criminal involvement

Klement, Christian

doi:10.1177/1477370815626460

Cited by 30 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…7 Note that in absence of the exact date of becoming an OMCG member the present study uses age 25 as a cutoff point to create a proxy for distinguishing the periods of non-OMCG membership and OMCG membership. This more conservative cut-off compared to Klement (2016b) who used age 30, is based on the age distribution of Dutch OMCG members in the current sample.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study based on a sample of 396 Danish OMCG members (Klement 2016a) found that 92% of these police identified outlaw bikers had a criminal record, while 69% were convicted for a violent offense at least once prior to age 30 or their registration in the Police Intelligence Database (PID) for being affiliated with an OMCG, whichever came first. In a follow up study (Klement 2016b) was able to match 297 OMCG members to 181,931 controls on age, age of first conviction, total number of convictions -for respectively all offenses, property offenses and violent offenses -, and days of sentenced prison time. Subsequently comparing the criminal careers of PID registered OMCG members after PID registration to the criminal careers of non-PID registered controls, this study showed OMCG membership to significantly increase the level of criminal involvement, especially for property crimes, drug crimes, and violations of the weapons act.…”

Section: Prior Research On the Criminal Careers Of Outlaw Bikersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Not your average biker; criminal careers of members of Dutch outlaw motorcycle gangs

et al. 2017

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Based on criminal career data of a sample of 601 police-identified outlaw motorcycle gang members and an age-matched comparison group of 300 non-gang affiliated motorcycle owners, the current analysis examines various dimensions of the criminal careers of outlaw bikers, including participation, onset, frequency, and crime mix. Results show that Dutch outlaw bikers are more often convicted than the average Dutch motorcyclist, and that these convictions not only pertain to minor offenses but also to serious and violent crimes. We find that outlaw bikers' criminal careers differ from that of the average Dutch motorcyclist already during the juvenile and early adult years, but also -and more so -during the adult years. These results fit the enhancement hypothesis of gang membership and suggest that both selection of crime prone individuals in outlaw motorcycle gangs and facilitation of criminal behavior whilst in the gang are taking place.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prior Research On the Criminal Careers Of Outlaw Bikersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Not your average biker; criminal careers of members of Dutch outlaw motorcycle gangs

et al. 2017

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“…To obtain a reliable estimate of the potential impact of OMCG or support club membership on the course of the individual's criminal career, data on a suitable comparison group of likewise criminally inclined individuals who do not join and OMCG or support club are pivotal (Blokland, Soudijn, and van der Leest. 2017;Klement 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research published during a period of intensified intergang rivalry among Canadian OMCGs even found that 95.5% of OMCG members had a criminal record (Barker 2015: 148). Scandinavian OMCG members are also likely to be convicted criminals with percentages of convicted OMCG members ranging from 69% in Norway, 56-75% in Sweden, and 92% in Denmark (Klement 2016). In a recent study on criminal networks of Swedish Hells Angels and Red Devil MC members, Rostami and Mondani (2019) found that 97% of the former and 85% of the latter were registered as a crime suspect at least once.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Officially Registered Criminal Careers of Members of Dutch Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs and Their Support Clubs

2019

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Decisive action against criminal outlaw motorcycle gangs (OMCGs) ranks high on the criminal justice agenda. Nevertheless, in many Western European countries the number of OMCG chapters has increased rapidly. Official OMCG support clubs also have mushroomed. The present study extends prior research from the Netherlands and elsewhere by employing a gang database of 1,617 OMCG members and 473 support club members maintained by the Dutch police and examining members' juvenile and adult criminal careers based on judicial data. While committing an offense was no prerequisite of being included in the database, criminal career data show that the majority of OMCG and support club members is convicted at least once. In addition, we find there is ample variation in both the level and shape of these individual's criminal trajectories. In line with prior research, the majority of OMCG and support club members are found to be adult onset offenders. A considerable share of both samples however, follows criminal trajectories characterized by early onset, frequent and persistent criminal behavior. Building on prior theoretical accounts of OMCG evolution, these findings are interpreted against the background of recent changes in the Dutch outlaw biker landscape. Implications for the Dutch whole-of-government approach are discussed.

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“…1%MCs outwardly do not describe themselves as criminal gangs, however European research suggests that affiliation with one of these groups increases the likelihood of serious criminal activity (Klement, 2016). Likewise, the clubs have international spread and reach for both their legal and illegal activities (Barker, 2011 cited in Gottschalk andMarkovic, 2016), a point similar to that of OCGs in that the legitimate and illegitimate are inseparable and symbiotic.…”

Section: Special Interest 'Gangs'mentioning

confidence: 92%

Educating 'Gangsters': Social space, informal learning and becoming 'Gang' involved

McHugh¹

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This research focuses on the previously neglected topic of how people are educated into groups commonly described as 'gangs'; in particular, this thesis outlines the role that social space plays in such educative processes. This focus enables both a new contribution to knowledge in the field of 'gang' studies and understandings of the way social space is used, understood and perceived by those involved in 'gangs'.Much research exists in the field of 'gang' studies spanning various disciplines and sub-fields. The existing literature on 'gangs' predominantly engages with typographies, definitions and prevention; the majority of which stems from a criminological perspective. There has been no direct attempt to explore the ways in which people are educated into 'gangs' thus far. Rather than begin from any predetermined assumptions, this research centred on people who have been involved with or affected by 'gangs' in order to begin from the lived experiences of those involved or affected.In-depth interviews were carried out with twenty-two participants who are, or were: involved in 'gangs'; family members of 'gangs'; and professionals who work with 'gangs' (most of whom were previously involved in such groups themselves). Other ethnographic methods were utilised alongside interviews: primarily overt, with some covert participant observations. Ethnographic aspects of the research were undertaken during a twelve-month period in social spaces that were highlighted by participants as being synonymous with, and frequented, by 'gangs'. This thesis highlights the conditions, structures, agentive responses and social spaces that form the educative processes for becoming involved in 'gangs'. My contribution to knowledge herein demonstrates how: education within 'gangs' takes place through stories, social haunting and reflection within third places and the wider community; occurs under structural conditions but is mediated by agentive choice; social space fosters a community spirit and offers the opportunity to become someone. Word count: 299iii

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Outlaw biker affiliations and criminal involvement

Cited by 30 publications

References 40 publications

Not your average biker; criminal careers of members of Dutch outlaw motorcycle gangs

Not your average biker; criminal careers of members of Dutch outlaw motorcycle gangs

Officially Registered Criminal Careers of Members of Dutch Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs and Their Support Clubs

Educating 'Gangsters': Social space, informal learning and becoming 'Gang' involved

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