Outline of the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake (M w 9.0) —Seismicity: foreshocks, mainshock, aftershocks, and induced activity—

Hirose, Fuyuki; Miyaoka, Kazuki; Hayashimoto, Naoki; Yamazaki, Takayuki; Nakamura, Masaki

doi:10.5047/eps.2011.05.019

Cited by 170 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In this study, a roughness coefficient of 0.025 was assigned for water, 0.03 for bare ground and grassland, 0.04 for control forest and 0.05 for residential area. We assumed a composite fault model proposed by Imamura et al (2011) as the source for the tsunami (Fig. 2(a)).…”

Section: Numerical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Field measurements and numerical modeling for the run-up heights and inundation distances of the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami at Sendai Plain, Japan

et al. 2012

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We conducted an urgent field survey at the Sendai Plain to measure the run-up heights and inundation distances of the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami. We used GPS measurements because of the remarkably long inundation distances (ca. 5.4 km). We established an accurate measurement scheme using the far electric reference points (about 350 km). Using this method, we quickly measured 69 run-up heights within 3 days. The tsunami run-up heights and inundation distances varied mainly according to the local topography, ranging from 9.6 m at 0.4 km to 0.2 m at 5.4 km, respectively. Furthermore, artificial structures and topography played an important role in constraining the inundation limit. Our observations are important for future analyses using aerial and satellite imagery and numerical modeling in the area because the maximum inundation area might be underestimated in the images as a result of the subtle traces of the tsunami inundation, which were difficult to identify in the field. However, results show that numerical modeling might not reproduce minor inundation beyond the highway without sufficiently high-resolution topographic data because data for the modeling are usually rough, and the highway, small channels, and street gutters, which played an important role in local inundation, are too small a resolution to be recognized in the model.

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Section: Numerical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hirose et al, 2011). Soon thereafter, a large tsunami (designated hereinafter as the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami) struck the Pacific coast of eastern Japan (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field measurements and numerical modeling for the run-up heights and inundation distances of the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami at Sendai Plain, Japan

et al. 2012

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“…This was the largest event (M W 9.1) since instrumental observations began in Japan [e.g., Hirose et al, 2011]. A gigantic tsunami excited by the earthquake struck the Pacific coast of Japan and more than 15,000 people were killed [e.g., Hayashi et al, 2011].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersion and nonlinear effects in the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake tsunami

et al. 2014

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This study reveals the roles of the wave dispersion and nonlinear effects for the 2011 TohokuOki earthquake tsunami. We conducted tsunami simulations based on the nonlinear dispersive equations with a high-resolution source model. The simulations successfully reproduced the waveforms recorded in the offshore, deep sea, and focal areas. The calculated inundation area coincided well with the actual inundation for the Sendai Plain, which was the widest inundation area during this event. By conducting sets of simulations with different tsunami equations, we obtained the followings insights into the wave dispersion, nonlinear effects, and energy dissipation for this event. Although the wave dispersion was neglected in most studies, the maximum amplitude was significantly overestimated in the deep sea if the dispersion was not included. The waveform observed at the station with the largest tsunami height ($2 m) among the deep-ocean stations also verified the necessity of the dispersion. It is well known that the nonlinear effects play an important role for the propagation of a tsunami into bays and harbors. Additionally, nonlinear effects need to be considered to accurately model later waves, even for offshore stations. In particular, including nonlinear terms rather than the inundation was more important when precisely modeling the waves reflected from the coast.

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“…Following the M w 9.0 event, many inland crustal earthquakes occurred in addition to aftershocks on the plate boundary (Hirose et al, 2011). The FukushimaHamadori area and the surroundings are one of the regions where the seismicity drastically changed from a quiescent stage to an active stage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

InSAR-derived crustal deformation and fault models of normal faulting earthquake (M j 7.0) in the Fukushima-Hamadori area

et al. 2012

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Applying interferometric SAR (InSAR) analysis using ALOS/PALSAR data to inland crustal earthquakes in the Fukushima-Hamadori area, we succeeded in mapping a ground displacement associated with the M j 7.0 earthquake that occurred on 11 April, 2011. The most concentrated crustal deformation is located ∼20 km west of the city of Iwaki, showing displacements away from the satellite with ∼2.2 m at the maximum. Clear displacement discontinuities are recognized with an offset of ∼1.6 m at the maximum, which are just on the Shionohira, Idosawa and Yunotake faults. From field surveys, we found that earthquake surface faults appeared with a vertical offset of ∼1.9 m, consistent with the InSAR observation, and their locations correspond to the discontinuities in the interferogram. We inverted the InSAR data to construct slip distribution models, and our models show (1) nearly pure normal fault motions (2) on west-dipping planes (3) with moderate-dip-angles (50-65• ). The inferred west-dipping normal fault motion on the Yunotake fault is correlated with the present-day topographic features, consistent with the idea that the historically-repeated normal faultings have developed the topography. On the other hand, for the Shionohira and Idosawa faults antithetical relationships are presented, maybe suggesting that large normal faultings have been infrequent historically.

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Outline of the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake (M w 9.0) —Seismicity: foreshocks, mainshock, aftershocks, and induced activity—

Cited by 170 publications

References 7 publications

Field measurements and numerical modeling for the run-up heights and inundation distances of the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami at Sendai Plain, Japan

Field measurements and numerical modeling for the run-up heights and inundation distances of the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami at Sendai Plain, Japan

Dispersion and nonlinear effects in the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake tsunami

InSAR-derived crustal deformation and fault models of normal faulting earthquake (M j 7.0) in the Fukushima-Hamadori area

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