Output-Drivenness and Partial Phonological Features

Magri, Giorgio

doi:10.1162/ling_a_00283

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…These processes are widely discussed in the literature including deletion, substitution, assimilation and epenthesis. Several interesting studies have been conducted cross-linguistically, providing detailed analysis of these processes (Black, 1974; Blevins and Garrett, 1998, 2004; Clark, 2009; Hume, 1998; Ingram, 1981, 1986; McCarthy, 1989, 2000; Mielke and Hume, 2001; Muller, 1998; Thompson and Thompson, 1969; Uwaezuoke and Onwudiwe, 2022). Similarly, Welna (2002) provided a detailed analysis of metathesis process considering the temporal and spatial development and spread of the sounds change.…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phonological metathesis phenomenon in the early speech of Arabic-speaking children

Qasem

2023

SJLS

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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the phonological metathesis phenomenon in the early speech of Arabic-speaking children. Based on analysis of a longitudinal data from 11 children's speech, the study mainly aims at investigating (1) the characteristics/nature of the phonological metathesis process in early child speech and (2) how it is different from adult phonological metathesis. The study explores the causes behind the metathesis phonological process in child speech.Design/methodology/approach This paper explored the phonological metathesis phenomenon based on a longitudinal study of 11 monolingual Arabic speakers of Yemeni-Ibbi Dialect (YIA) and cross-linguistic data from various languages.FindingsThe data analysis showed that metathesis phenomenon in child speech has several characteristics. It occurs at an early age, at 2 years and decreases with age. It was found that metathesis occurs mostly in disyllabic and trisyllabic words or more complex syllabic words, but metathesis rarely occurs in monosyllabic words in children's speech. The results indicated that unlike metathesis in adult speech, metathesis in children's speech occurs in undeliberate, slow, fast speech. The study explored that adjacency of sounds with similar phonological features, the ease of pronunciation, or the sonority effect are the motivations that trigger metathesis phenomenon to occur in child speech.Originality/valueIn the literature, the metathesis phonological process has got a little attention from researchers, and this is due to the rare cases of metathesis and the inconsistency of cases and the occurrence of metathesis. However, there is no consensus among the researchers about the causes of emergence and the occurrences behind the metathesis process. However, this study argues that the metathesis process has unique characteristics in child speech in comparison to adult speech and that there are some causes for metathesis to occur in human speech particularly in children's data such as adjacency of sounds with similar phonological features or sonority effect.

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Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phonological metathesis phenomenon in the early speech of Arabic-speaking children

Qasem

2023

SJLS

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“…´* The first two constraints are equivalent to DEP-F and MAX-F in (4) -recall also Table 2, showing the same candidate comparisons for both [voi] and [cont] -but the constraint labels are respectively superscripted with 's' and 'w' here to explicitly indicate that DEP s -F regulates Magri's (2018b) strong featural identity, violated by both the feature-changing (a,b) and feature-filling mappings (c,d), while MAX w -F regulates weak featural identity, violated only by the feature-changing mappings (a,b). The other three constraints are described here in the order shown in Table 9.…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The third result is our finding that chain shift maps and saltation maps are pathologically yoked together in the full factorial typology predicted by Reiss's system: there are two non-interacting sets of ranking conditions of the relevant constraints yielding a chain shift map, and these are the same two non-interacting sets of ranking conditions that yield a saltation map. Toward the end of the paper we offer some remarks on the output-drivenness of Reiss's proposed system based on Magri's (2018b) extension of this concept to underspecification, and a brief discussion of how chain shift and saltation maps can be disentangled with alternative definitions of featural faithfulness constraints (or pairings thereof).…”

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confidence: 99%

Faithfulness and underspecification

Baković

Bennett

2023

AMP

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This work is about two ‘generation problems’ for classic Optimality Theory, chain shifts and saltations. The issues for OT posed by traditional analyses of chain shifts and saltations have led to various embellishments of the classic theory, typically in the form of novel constraint types. Reiss (2021a,b) proposes a general solution to the problem of chain shifts and saltations that relies more directly on different assumptions about representations than about constraints. Specifically, Reiss assumes that underlying representations may be underspecified, and that a map ‘counts’ as a chain shift or as a saltation so long as the surface alternants from a uniform underlying representation match the respective observed alternants. We report here on three results from our ongoing formal assessment of Reiss’s proposed solution.

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“…Evaluating candidates with features that have no value can sometimes introduce complications, as has been shown by Magri (2018). In particular, Magri defines a partial feature to be one which can be evaluated by constraints without having an assigned value; these are distinguished from total features, which always have an assigned value when evaluated by constraints.…”

Section: Unset Features and Candidate Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining underlying presence in the learning of grammars that allow insertion and deletion

Nyman¹,

Tesar

2019

Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics

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The simultaneous learning of a phonological map from inputs to outputs and a lexicon of phonological underlying forms has been a focus of several research efforts (Jarosz 2006;Apoussidou 2007;Merchant 2008;Merchant & Tesar 2008;Tesar 2014). One of the numerous challenges is that of computational efficiency, which led to the investigation of learning with output-driven maps (Tesar 2014). Prior work on learning with output-driven maps has focused on systems in which the only disparities between inputs and outputs were segmental identity disparities ( differences in the value of a feature). Inclusion of segmental insertion and deletion disparities exacerbates computational concerns, as it increases the number of possible correspondence relations between an input and an output, and makes the space of possible inputs for a word infinite due to the possible presence of an unbounded number of deleted segments. We propose an extension of that earlier work to handle phonologies that permit insertion and deletion, and evaluate the proposal by applying it to cases in Basic CV Syllable Theory (Jakobson 1962;Clements & Keyser 1983;Prince & Smolensky 2004). First, we propose that a learner represent information about the possible presence/absence of a segment in an underlying form via a presence feature. The presence feature can be set using the same inconsistency detection method that has previously been used to set other segmental features. This allows the learner to combine evidence from paradigmatically related words in a single compact representation. Second, we propose that the learner only consider for underlying forms segments that surface in at least one surface realization of the morpheme. This approach is justified by the structure of outputdriven maps, and avoids the potential for an unbounded number of possibly deleted segments in an underlying form. A proof is given for the validity of the method for avoiding unbounded deletion. The resulting learner is able to learn some grammatical regularities about segmental insertion and deletion; this is shown via two manual step-by-step applications of the algorithm. Verificatory simulations for learning the entire typology of Basic CV Syllable Theory are left to work in the near future.

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Output-Drivenness and Partial Phonological Features

Cited by 4 publications

References 18 publications

Phonological metathesis phenomenon in the early speech of Arabic-speaking children

Phonological metathesis phenomenon in the early speech of Arabic-speaking children

Faithfulness and underspecification

Determining underlying presence in the learning of grammars that allow insertion and deletion

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