“…For instance, an empathetic approach aimed at understanding customers is mirrored in popular concepts such as “customer intimacy” (e.g., Treacy & Wiersema, 1993), “customer knowledge competence” (e.g., Campell, 2003), and “customer insights” (e.g., Andersen & Ritter, 2008; Musarra & Morgan, 2020). One ongoing stream in the literature that is relevant to this issue is that of “outside‐in marketing” (e.g., Musarra & Morgan, 2020; Rust, 2020a), which can be condensed as being the marketing view of strategy, as opposed to the resource‐based view. Yet, even recent outside‐in marketing literature has emphasized the necessity of utilizing big data (e.g., Rust, 2020a), which arguably exacerbates the risk of missing out on obtaining a true empathetic understanding of the customer base (e.g., Ferràs‐Hernández, 2018; Huang et al, 2019; Malone, 2018; Rust & Huang, forthcoming).…”