Outstanding flame retardancy for poly(vinyl alcohol) achieved using a resveratrol/tannic acid complex

Abstract

The rigid molecular structure of biobased resveratrol/tannic acid (RETA) complex increases the residual amount of RETA-poly(vinyl alcohol) after complete combustion.

Facile chemical modification of poly(vinyl alcohol) to an organosoluble, flame‐retardant copolymer using dichloroacetic acid

“…In addition to releasing significant quantity of smoke, the burning PVOH films displayed severe melt dripping, with the flaming drips igniting cotton wads placed beneath them. 34 In total contrast, the P(VOH-co-VDCAc) copolymer films self-extinguished immediately (<1 s) upon removal from the flame. Moreover, these films did not demonstrate any melt dripping or glowing combustion.…”

“…This supports and sustains the combustion, as observed in the case of PVOH films during the flame tests. In addition to releasing significant quantity of smoke, the burning PVOH films displayed severe melt dripping, with the flaming drips igniting cotton wads placed beneath them 34 . In total contrast, the P(VOH ‐co‐ VDCAc) copolymer films self‐extinguished immediately (<1 s) upon removal from the flame.…”

“…The flame resistance is improved by physically blending PVOH with flame‐retardants, or modifying it using grafting agents capable of introducing flame‐retardant groups 13 . Typical flame‐retardants that are blended into PVOH include (poly)phosphates, 14–16 (poly)phosphonates, 17 hypophosphites, 18 organophosphorus compounds, 19–22 boron nitride, 15 molybdenum disulfide, 23 soluble silicates, 24 layered silicates, 14,25,26 SiO 2 nanoparticles, 17,27 silica gel‐potassium carbonate, 28 hydroxyapatite, 29 metal hydroxides, 30,31 boehmite, 32 metal chelates, 20 graphene oxide, 33 and phenolic compounds 34 . Grafting agents, on the other hand, are typically reactive organophosphorus or organosilane compounds, such as (3‐(2‐(acryloyloxy)ethoxy)‐3‐oxopropyl)(methyl)phosphinic acid (AOPA), 35 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide‐γ‐(2,3‐epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane (DPP), 36 4‐chloroformyl‐1‐oxo‐2,6,7‐trioxa‐1‐phosphabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (BIC), 37 and diethyl chlorophosphate 38 .…”

“…13 Typical flame-retardants that are blended into PVOH include (poly)phosphates, [14][15][16] (poly)phosphonates, 17 hypophosphites, 18 organophosphorus compounds, [19][20][21][22] boron nitride, 15 molybdenum disulfide, 23 soluble silicates, 24 layered silicates, 14,25,26 SiO 2 nanoparticles, 17,27 silica gel-potassium carbonate, 28 hydroxyapatite, 29 metal hydroxides, 30,31 boehmite, 32 metal chelates, 20 graphene oxide, 33 and phenolic compounds. 34 Grafting agents, on the other hand, are typically reactive organophosphorus or organosilane compounds, such as (3-(2-(acryloyloxy)ethoxy)-3-oxopropyl) (methyl)phosphinic acid (AOPA), 35 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide-γ-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane (DPP), 36 4-chloroformyl-1-oxo-2,6, 7-trioxa-1-phosphabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (BIC), 37 and diethyl chlorophosphate. 38 However, a straightforward and an inexpensive method for improving the flame resistance of PVOH without comprising its solution-based processability is not known.…”

Enhanced flame retardant performance of poly(vinyl alcohol) composites based on phosphorus–metal ion synergistic effect

“…2,[7][8][9][10] Porous aerogels, flexible plates, and fiber mats made of PVA can be effectively modified by adding flame retardants of phosphorus-based, bio-based materials, or inorganic salts. [11][12][13] Through the optimization of structure and compounding of components, PVA composites with high safety have been achieved. Especially, phosphorus-containing compounds (e.g., ammonium polyphosphate (APP)) have more potential to be selected to improve the flame retardancy of polymers owing to their environmental friendliness and high fire-retardant efficiency.…”