Ovarian activity in obese and nonobese women treated with three transdermal contraceptive patches delivering three different doses of ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel

Foegh, Marie L.; Archer, David F.; Stanczyk, Frank Z.; Rubin, Arkady; Mishell, Daniel R.

doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2012.08.042

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The amount of EE is approximately equivalent to that of a 30 μg COC and the dose of LNG (~100 μg) is similar to that found in COCs. One study compared this patch to a COC containing EE/LNG and showed that exposure to EE and LNG was lower with the patch than with the COC 44. A Phase II, three-cycle study evaluated three patches containing different EE/LNG doses in obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥30) and 75 nonobese (BMI <30) women 44.…”

Section: New Contraceptive Methods Recently Launched In Different Marmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One study compared this patch to a COC containing EE/LNG and showed that exposure to EE and LNG was lower with the patch than with the COC 44. A Phase II, three-cycle study evaluated three patches containing different EE/LNG doses in obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥30) and 75 nonobese (BMI <30) women 44. AG200-15 suppresses ovulation in obese and nonobese women; however, more in nonobese versus obese women 44…”

Section: New Contraceptive Methods Recently Launched In Different Marmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New and emerging contraceptives: a state-of-the-art review

Bahamondes¹,

Bahamondes²

2014

IJWH

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BackgroundThe first hormonal contraceptive was introduced onto the market in several countries 50 years ago; however, the portfolio of contraceptive methods remains restricted with regards to their steroid composition, their cost, and their ability to satisfy the requirements of millions of women/couples in accordance with their different reproductive intentions, behaviors, cultures, and settings.MethodsA literature review was conducted using Medline, Embase, and Current Contents databases, up to September 1, 2013 to identify publications reporting new contraceptives in development using combinations of the search terms: contraception, contraceptives, oral contraceptives, patch, vaginal ring, implants, intrauterine contraceptives, and emergency contraception (EC). Also, several experts in the field were also consulted to document ongoing projects on contraception development. Additionally, the Clinicaltrial.gov website was searched for ongoing studies on existing contraceptive methods and new and emerging female contraceptives developed over the past 5 years. Information was also obtained from the pharmaceutical industry.ResultsEarly sexual debut and late menopause means that women may require contraception for up to 30 years. Although oral, injectable, vaginal, transdermal, subdermal, and intrauterine contraceptives are already available, new contraceptives have been developed in an attempt to reduce side effects and avoid early discontinuation, and to fulfill women’s different requirements. Research efforts are focused on replacing ethinyl-estradiol with natural estradiol to reduce thrombotic events. In addition, new, less androgenic progestins are being introduced and selective progesterone receptor modulators and new delivery systems are being used. In addition, research is being conducted into methods that offer dual protection (contraception and protection against human immunodeficiency virus transmission), and contraceptives for use “on demand.” Studies are also investigating non-hormonal contraceptive methods that have additional, non-contraceptive benefits.ConclusionThe most pressing need worldwide is, first, that the highly effective contraceptive methods already available should be affordable to most of the population and also that these methods should fulfill the needs of women of different ages and with different reproductive requirements. The development of new contraceptive methods should also take advantage of the knowledge obtained over the past 30 years on gamete physiology and gamete interaction to avoid the use of steroid compounds.

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Section: New Contraceptive Methods Recently Launched In Different Marmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: New Contraceptive Methods Recently Launched In Different Marmentioning

confidence: 99%

New and emerging contraceptives: a state-of-the-art review

Bahamondes¹,

Bahamondes²

2014

IJWH

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“…Ovarian activity in the luteal phase was suppressed in both groups. 22 However, in an analysis of pooled data, a significant association between contraceptive failure and body weight .90 kg was shown. 23…”

Section: Skin Patches For Contraceptionmentioning

confidence: 96%

New and emerging contraceptive options: a focus on transdermal contraception

Böttcher¹,

Wildt²

2014

OAJC

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Transdermal contraception is a convenient way of hormonal contraception that allows weekly application of a patch for 3 consecutive weeks followed by a patch-free week. Efficacy, side effects, advantages, and disadvantages as well as patient satisfaction with this formulation are discussed in this short review. The first patch, introduced in 2002, contained ethinylestradiol and norelgestromin. Recently, a new patch containing gestodene as the gestagen component has been developed. Early data for this formulation are presented.

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“…Foegh et al [33] measured plasma concentrations of EE and LNG in about 25 nonobese and 15 obese women who received one of three experimental (Corium International) transdermal patches designed to provide daily releases of 75 mcg LNG/15 mcg EE, 100 mcg LNG/25 mcg EE and 120 mcg LNG/30 mcg EE and who were followed for three 28-day cycles. In general, LNG concentrations were 9% to 30% lower and EE concentrations were 14 to 29% lower in the obese women.…”

Section: Other Routes Of Contraceptive Drug Dosingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clarification of contraceptive drug pharmacokinetics in obesity

Jusko

2017

Contraception

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Related to concerns about the role of obesity in the efficacy of contraceptive drugs, a review of the literature was carried out in regard to the pharmacokinetics of ethinyl estradiol and various progestins given by various routes of administration. Most studies show that obese women exhibit modestly lower plasma concentrations of these drugs (circa 30%) when given the same doses as normal-weight women. While the mechanism is uncertain, precedence in the literature suggests that this is due to body weight-related differences in metabolism rates. Confusing in some of the literature is that a few studies have reported erroneously calculated pharmacokinetic parameters after multiple dosing of oral contraceptives. A demonstration of appropriate pharmacokinetic methodology is provided.

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Ovarian activity in obese and nonobese women treated with three transdermal contraceptive patches delivering three different doses of ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel

Cited by 12 publications

References 43 publications

New and emerging contraceptives: a state-of-the-art review

New and emerging contraceptives: a state-of-the-art review

New and emerging contraceptive options: a focus on transdermal contraception

Clarification of contraceptive drug pharmacokinetics in obesity

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