Ovarian cancer in adolescents and young adults

Lockley, Michelle; Stoneham, Sara; Olson, Thomas A.

doi:10.1002/pbc.27512

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 79 publications

(161 reference statements)

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“…The early-stage diagnosis of young women with EOC has been demonstrated in several studies (10,26,27). Mucinous and endometrioid histological types, which were commonly observed in young women, often present as localized masses, while high-grade serous tumors, commonly diagnosed in old women, often spread beyond pelvis at diagnosis (27,28). Moreover, endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer (EAOC) including endometrioid and clear-cell histological types, are more often reported in young women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histological Characteristics and Early-Stage Diagnosis Are Associated With Better Survival in Young Patients With Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis Based on Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results Database

Huang

Ming

et al. 2020

Front. Oncol.

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PurposeTo analyze the potential prognostic factors of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) in women aged under 35 compared to those aged 60–79.MethodsCases were retrospectively obtained from SEER database. Clinical characteristics, such as race, histological type, AJCC stage, laterality of tumors, CA125 results, and surgical strategies, were analyzed in < 35 years group and 60–79 years group. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to evaluate overall survival (OS) and cause-specific survival (CSS). Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify the predictors for CSS.ResultsSixteen thousand eight hundred forty-seven EOC patients diagnosed in 2004–2015 were identified from SEER database, with 1,015 aged under 35 and 15,833 aged 60–79. In < 35 years group, mucinous (32.2%) was the most common histological type, followed by high-grade serous (26.6%) and endometrioid (18.3%), while in 60–79 years group, high-grade serous (68.3%) represented the leading histological type. Most young women were diagnosed at stage I (57.7%), while most old women were diagnosed at stage (48.1%). Both 5-year OS and 5-year CSS were higher in < 35 years group (5-year OS: 76.00% vs 40.18%, p < 0.001; 5-year CSS: 83.56% vs 55.18%, p < 0.001). The multivariate analysis identified histological type and stage as prognostic factors for CSS in both groups. Endometrioid represented a positive predictor for CSS, while carcinosarcoma and malignant Brenner were related to a worse CSS. (< 35 years group: carcinosarcoma vs endometrioid: HR 5.630, p=0.024; malignant Brenner vs endometrioid: HR 4.005, p < 0.001; 60–79 years group: carcinosarcoma vs endometrioid: HR 3.606, p < 0.001; malignant Brenner vs endometrioid: HR 2.291, p < 0.001). Tumors laterality, CA125 levels, surgery and lymphadenectomy failed to be associated with the CSS in < 35 years group, while found to be independent risk factors in 60–79 years group.ConclusionEOC women aged under 35 had a better survival outcome over EOC women aged 60–79, owing to high proportion of endometrioid and mucinous types in histology, as well as early-stage diagnosis. Identification of histological types and gene profiles should be underscored in young EOC patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histological Characteristics and Early-Stage Diagnosis Are Associated With Better Survival in Young Patients With Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis Based on Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results Database

Huang

Ming

et al. 2020

Front. Oncol.

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“…This may be associated with more favorable tumor histology as well as patients often being diagnosed in lower stage disease. 8 Management of pregnant women with adnexal masses is difficult as many complications may occur causing danger both to the mother and the developing fetus. Ovarian cancer during pregnancy carries numerous challenges as it affects reproductive organs where the fetus develops A general recommendation is that, if the pelvic peritoneum and the pouch of Douglas cannot be reliably examined during surgery because of the enlarged uterus and limited possibility to manipulate it, restaging surgery should be planned postpartum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approaches to the Diagnosis and Management of Ovarian Cancer in Pregnancy

Michalczyk¹,

Cymbaluk‐Płoska²

2021

CMAR

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Ovarian cancer is one of the most common gynecological cancers diagnosed in pregnancy. Its management is often very problematic due to the proximity of the adnexa to the developing fetus and chemotherapy-related toxicity risk. Tumor markers and imagining studies play important roles in diagnosis, help differentiate benign masses from malignancy and allow to plan the treatment. Due to the physiological changes that occur in pregnancy, levels of tumor markers can be altered and reduce their diagnostic value. We review current recommendations for the management and treatment of ovarian cancer in pregnant patients considering gestational age at diagnosis, tumor histology, stage of the disease, risk of obstetrical complications, and patient’s preferences.

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“…Pediatric ovarian neoplasms are rare tumors with a reported incidence of 2.6 per 100,000 girls [1]. Unlike in adult women, in whom epithelial carcinomas account for 90% of ovarian malignancies, germ cell tumors (GCTs) predominate in children [2]. Due to favorable histology of childhood ovarian tumors, pediatric patients exhibit an excellent 10-year survival rate of 85% [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike in adult women, in whom epithelial carcinomas account for 90% of ovarian malignancies, germ cell tumors (GCTs) predominate in children [2]. Due to favorable histology of childhood ovarian tumors, pediatric patients exhibit an excellent 10-year survival rate of 85% [2]. However, some children (less than 5% of cases) develop tumors of epithelial origin, including also an extremely aggressive type of undifferentiated ovarian cancer called small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT) [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ovarian carcinoma in children with constitutional mutation of SMARCA4: single-family report and literature review

et al. 2021

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Ovarian carcinoma is an extremely rare malignancy in children, often developing on the underlying inherited background. Female carriers of pathogenic germline mutations of SMARCA4 are at risk of an aggressive type of undifferentiated ovarian cancer called small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT). Regardless of age of the patient, stage of the disease, and oncological treatment, the prognosis for SCCOHT is poor. Therefore, early intervention with risk-reducing surgeries is recommended for these patients. In this study, we report genetic testing of a family with two children carrying pathogenic germline mutations of SMARCA4 and summarize the course of SCCOHT in all pediatric patients reported in the literature with constitutional defects identified within the SMARCA4 locus.

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Ovarian cancer in adolescents and young adults

Cited by 18 publications

References 79 publications

Histological Characteristics and Early-Stage Diagnosis Are Associated With Better Survival in Young Patients With Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis Based on Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results Database

Histological Characteristics and Early-Stage Diagnosis Are Associated With Better Survival in Young Patients With Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis Based on Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results Database

Approaches to the Diagnosis and Management of Ovarian Cancer in Pregnancy

Ovarian carcinoma in children with constitutional mutation of SMARCA4: single-family report and literature review

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