Ovarian cancer onset across different<i>BRCA</i>mutation types: a view to a more tailored approach for<i>BRCA</i>mutated patients

Claudia, Marchetti; Ataseven, Beyhan; Cassani, Chiara; Sassu, Carolina Maria; Congedo, Luigi; D’Indinosante, Marco; Cappuccio, Serena; Rhiem, Kerstin; Hahnen, Eric; Cordisco, Emanuela Lucci; Arbustini, Eloisa; Harter, Philipp; Minucci, Angelo; Scambia, Giovanni; Fagotti, Anna

doi:10.1136/ijgc-2022-003893

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 27 publications

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“…As with other space-related risks, not all individuals have the same risk for radiation-induced damage [ 112 , 113 ]. Regarding cancer, some individuals have mutations in their suppressor genes, such as BRCA [ 114 ], which confer additional risk of cancers. Conversely, there is also polymorphic variation in DNA repair enzymes, which could contribute to disease development after radiation-induced damage [ 115 , 116 ].…”

Section: Additional Risks Of Space Flight Into Deep Space and Living ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Homo sapiens—A Species Not Designed for Space Flight: Health Risks in Low Earth Orbit and Beyond, Including Potential Risks When Traveling beyond the Geomagnetic Field of Earth

Hart

2023

Life

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Homo sapiens and their predecessors evolved in the context of the boundary conditions of Earth, including a 1 g gravity and a geomagnetic field (GMF). These variables, plus others, led to complex organisms that evolved under a defined set of conditions and define how humans will respond to space flight, a circumstance that could not have been anticipated by evolution. Over the past ~60 years, space flight and living in low Earth orbit (LEO) have revealed that astronauts are impacted to varying degrees by such new environments. In addition, it has been noted that astronauts are quite heterogeneous in their response patterns, indicating that such variation is either silent if one remained on Earth, or the heterogeneity unknowingly contributes to disease development during aging or in response to insults. With the planned mission to deep space, humans will now be exposed to further risks from radiation when traveling beyond the influence of the GMF, as well as other potential risks that are associated with the actual loss of the GMF on the astronauts, their microbiomes, and growing food sources. Experimental studies with model systems have revealed that hypogravity conditions can influence a variety biological and physiological systems, and thus the loss of the GMF may have unanticipated consequences to astronauts’ systems, such as those that are electrical in nature (i.e., the cardiovascular system and central neural systems). As astronauts have been shown to be heterogeneous in their responses to LEO, they may require personalized countermeasures, while others may not be good candidates for deep-space missions if effective countermeasures cannot be developed for long-duration missions. This review will discuss several of the physiological and neural systems that are affected and how the emerging variables may influence astronaut health and functioning.

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Section: Additional Risks Of Space Flight Into Deep Space and Living ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Homo sapiens—A Species Not Designed for Space Flight: Health Risks in Low Earth Orbit and Beyond, Including Potential Risks When Traveling beyond the Geomagnetic Field of Earth

Hart

2023

Life

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BRCA Mutations—The Achilles Heel of Breast, Ovarian and Other Epithelial Cancers

Loboda

Adonin

Zvereva

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Two related tumor suppressor genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, attract a lot of attention from both fundamental and clinical points of view. Oncogenic hereditary mutations in these genes are firmly linked to the early onset of breast and ovarian cancers. However, the molecular mechanisms that drive extensive mutagenesis in these genes are not known. In this review, we hypothesize that one of the potential mechanisms behind this phenomenon can be mediated by Alu mobile genomic elements. Linking mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes to the general mechanisms of genome stability and DNA repair is critical to ensure the rationalized choice of anti-cancer therapy. Accordingly, we review the literature available on the mechanisms of DNA damage repair where these proteins are involved, and how the inactivating mutations in these genes (BRCAness) can be exploited in anti-cancer therapy. We also discuss a hypothesis explaining why breast and ovarian epithelial tissues are preferentially susceptible to mutations in BRCA genes. Finally, we discuss prospective novel therapeutic approaches for treating BRCAness cancers.

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Role of ethnic and genetic factors in the development of prostate cancer (Review)

Saliev,

Akhmad,

Altynbekova

et al. 2024

World Acad Sci J

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Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, particularly affecting older males. Genetic and ethnic factors play a critical role in the development, progression and mortality rate associated with PCa. The present review focuses on the influence of race and genetic predisposition, particularly the mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, which markedly increase the risk of developing aggressive forms of PCa. African American males, in particular, are more susceptible to PCa, with a higher incidence of aggressive disease compared to other ethnic groups. These genetic disparities highlight the importance of targeted genetic screening and personalized healthcare strategies to mitigate the risk of developing PCa in vulnerable populations. The key conclusions from the present review emphasize the necessity of integrating genetic testing into routine PCa screening protocols, particularly for high-risk groups, such as males with a family history of PCa or those of African descent. Personalized treatment options, such as the use of PARP inhibitors for patients with BRCA mutations, present a promising approach to improving the outcomes of patients with PCa. The present review calls for further research into the interactions between genetic and environmental factors in PCa and the development of tailored intervention programs to reduce incidence and mortality among high-risk populations. Expanding access to genetic counselling and testing services is crucial to improving early detection and preventive care. Contents1. Introduction 2. Literature search strategies 3. Influence of race on the occurrence of prostate cancer 4. Hereditary risk factors for the development of prostate cancer 5. Mutations of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes as a risk factor for developing prostate cancer 6. Synopsis 7. Conclusions and future perspectives

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Ovarian cancer onset across differentBRCAmutation types: a view to a more tailored approach forBRCAmutated patients

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

Homo sapiens—A Species Not Designed for Space Flight: Health Risks in Low Earth Orbit and Beyond, Including Potential Risks When Traveling beyond the Geomagnetic Field of Earth

Homo sapiens—A Species Not Designed for Space Flight: Health Risks in Low Earth Orbit and Beyond, Including Potential Risks When Traveling beyond the Geomagnetic Field of Earth

BRCA Mutations—The Achilles Heel of Breast, Ovarian and Other Epithelial Cancers

Role of ethnic and genetic factors in the development of prostate cancer (Review)

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