Ovarian Dysgerminoma in Pregnancy

Abstract

Dysgerminoma is a very rare germ cell tumor of the ovary. It constitutes about 1% of all germ cell malignancies and accounts for 1-5% of all ovarian malignancies in the first two decades of life. Approximately 80% of cases are reported in patients younger than 30 years of age (mean age: 21 years), whereas 75% of women with dysgerminomas present with stage I of the disease. Ovarian tumors generally remain asymptomatic, until they are discovered due to their large size or related complications.Dysgerminomas can occur in pregnant women. Тhe most commonly used diagnostic methods for ovarian tumors in pregnancy are ultrasound and magnetic resonance, not using radiation for ensuring safety of the fetus. Several factors have influence on treatment decisions such as: gestational week of the pregnancy, patient's expectations, stage of the disease, influence of the diagnostic methods for assessing the stage of the disease on the fetus, as well as the reproductive history of the patient. In stage I of the disease, fertility sparing surgery with unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy can be performed if the patient wants to preserve fertility. No chemotherapy is required for stage I tumors, unless recurrence occurs (9.2% cases).We present a case of dysgerminoma in a pregnant patient, treated with unilateral salpingooophorectomy. After two years of follow-up, the patient remained free of disease.