Ovarian germ cell tumors

Russell, Peter; Robboy, Stanley J.; Prat, Jaime

doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-07477-6.50032-9

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 161 publications

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“…Malignant transformation of mature cystic teratoma of the ovary is rare, with less than 2% of teratoma undergoing this transformation ( 3 ). Squamous cells account for the majority of malignant changes, while mixed malignancies in mature cystic teratoma are extremely rare.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case report: Squamous cell carcinoma and spindle cell sarcoma (SCS) arising in a mature cystic teratoma of the ovary

et al. 2023

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ObjectiveMalignant transformation of mature ovarian teratoma is a rare phenomenon, mainly occurring in postmenopausal period. Squamous cell carcinoma accounts for 80% of all malignant transformations. Sarcoma transformation is much less common and tends to imply a poorer prognosis and aggressiveness.Case reportWe report a case of undifferentiated sarcoma with squamous cell carcinoma in a mature cystic teratoma of the ovary in a 36-year-old woman. The tumor shows epithelial and stromal components. This is a unique report of a benign teratoma of the ovary with malignant transformation, showing epithelial and sarcomatous components. This young woman presented with abdominal distension and a rapidly enlarging ovario-derived pelvic mass with a slightly elevated CA199 tumor marker of 115.9 U/ml. The woman underwent transabdominal excision of the left ovarian cyst on October 20, 2020. During the operation, rapid freezing pathological examination did not indicate malignancy. The postoperative paraffin pathology revealed undifferentiated sarcoma with squamous cell carcinoma (from mature cystic teratoma malignancy), and she finally received comprehensive staging surgery. Postoperative paraffin pathology showed no residual cancer in uterus and other tissues, and all lymph nodes were negative. The patient was finally diagnosed with ovarian malignant tumor IC1 stage (high-grade spindle cell sarcoma complicated with squamous cell carcinoma). Chemotherapy was completed three times after surgery, and no signs of recurrence were found after follow-up.ConclusionThe preoperative diagnosis and intraoperative rapid freezing examination of malignant transformation of mature teratoma of ovary are challenging.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case report: Squamous cell carcinoma and spindle cell sarcoma (SCS) arising in a mature cystic teratoma of the ovary

et al. 2023

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“…Mature cystic teratoma is a relatively common ovarian tumor, accounting for 15% to 25% of ovarian neoplasms (1). Thyroid tissue is occasionally present in such neoplasms, demonstrated in 5% to 13% of cases.…”

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Silent Corticotroph Cell Pituitary Adenoma in a Struma Ovarii

Waugh

Soler

Robboy

2007

International Journal of Gynecological Pathology

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This is the first report of a silent corticotroph cell pituitary adenoma arising in a struma ovarii. The patient, a 79-year-old woman, was found to have an asymptomatic left-sided adnexal mass confirmed by vaginal sonography to be a complex cystic and solid tumor. Pathological analysis demonstrated an 8-cm partially cystic struma ovarii in which there was a focus of predominantly basophilic adenohypophyseal cells arranged in a diffuse pattern, adjacent to mature neural tissue containing numerous Herring bodies. The epithelial lining cells of the colloid-filled small and cystic follicles were immunoreactive for thyroglobulin. The pituitary cells were predominantly immunoreactive for adrenocorticotropic hormone, in addition to synaptophysin.

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“…Thyroid tissue, cerebellum, retina, and, remarkably, even prostatic tissue has been noted. 1-8 Renal elements are rare but have been reported. 2-5 Because of the excessive ectodermal component of skin and hair, many mature teratomas are also referred to as dermoid cysts.…”

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“…1-5 It must be noted, however, that microscopic amounts of immature glial tissue are still compatible with the diagnosis of a mature teratoma. A standard definition of mature ovarian teratoma states that “all of the components present in mature cystic teratomas should appear histologically mature.” 1 Another textbook mentions that “classic mature cystic teratomas usually contain mature tissues from 2 or 3 embryonic layers,” while a popular and reliable website on diagnostic pathology characterizes teratomas as “mature if only contains adult tissues.” 4,6 However, another reference book states that these teratomas contain “normal fetal to adult tissues variably mixed but organized.” 5 Furthermore, Sternberg’s textbook mentions that “dermoid cysts are composed of adult-type tissue and sometimes a small amount of fetal-type tissue.” 2 A final clarification is seen in Robboy’s book, which states, “Various mature tissues are usually present” but clarifies that these tissues “correspond to that of developing fetus of over 8 weeks development (fertilization age).” 3 Fetal glomeruli in ovarian teratomas are exceptionally rare, and I am aware of only one reference to it. 5 Thus, fetal glomeruli, a rare stage of a rare element in a mature teratoma, are still within the purview of the teratoma being a benign and mature entity.…”

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Fetal Glomeruli in a Mature Ovarian Teratoma: A Developmental Anomaly Within a Developmental Anomaly?

Pai

2019

Int J Surg Pathol

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A mature ovarian teratoma in a 22-year-old woman showed various commonly noted components, including respiratory epithelium, adipose tissue, nerve bundles, skeletal muscles, hemosiderin-laden macrophages, lymphocytes, and bone. In addition, there were other structures that were decidedly uncommon-fetal glomeruli (Figures 1 and 2). Mature ovarian teratomas are fascinating neoplasms that contain a plethora of tissues of ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal origin and include, most often, skin with adnexae, hair, neural tissues, cartilage, bone, teeth, respiratory and gastrointestinal tract tissue, adipose tissue, and smooth muscle. Thyroid tissue, cerebellum, retina, and, remarkably, even prostatic tissue has been noted. 1-8 Renal elements are rare but have been reported. 2-5 Because of the excessive ectodermal component of skin and hair, many mature teratomas are also referred to as dermoid cysts. Teratomas, even though not congenital, are the result of disordered development. Willis suggests that teratomas are tumors arising from foci of plastic pluripotential embryonic tissue, which escaped the influence of the primary organizer during early development. 9 Because the presence of fetal glomeruli in an adult could also constitute a developmental anomaly, one may wonder if this case represents a developmental anomaly within a developmental anomaly! This is not so. Mature teratomas, by definition, contain only mature tissue. 1-5 It must be noted, however, that microscopic amounts of immature glial tissue are still compatible with the diagnosis of a mature teratoma. A standard definition of mature ovarian teratoma states that "all of the components present in mature cystic teratomas should appear histologically mature." 1 Another textbook mentions that "classic mature cystic teratomas usually contain mature tissues from 2 or 3 embryonic layers," while a popular and reliable website on diagnostic pathology characterizes teratomas as "mature if only contains adult tissues." 4,6 However, another reference book states that these teratomas contain "normal fetal to adult tissues variably mixed but organized." 5 Furthermore, Sternberg's textbook mentions that "dermoid cysts are composed of adult-type tissue and sometimes a small amount of fetal-type tissue." 2 A final clarification is seen in Robboy's book, which states, "Various mature tissues are usually present" but clarifies that these tissues "correspond to that of developing fetus of over 8 weeks 877505I JSXXX10.

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Ovarian germ cell tumors

Cited by 6 publications

References 161 publications

Case report: Squamous cell carcinoma and spindle cell sarcoma (SCS) arising in a mature cystic teratoma of the ovary

Case report: Squamous cell carcinoma and spindle cell sarcoma (SCS) arising in a mature cystic teratoma of the ovary

Silent Corticotroph Cell Pituitary Adenoma in a Struma Ovarii

Fetal Glomeruli in a Mature Ovarian Teratoma: A Developmental Anomaly Within a Developmental Anomaly?

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