Ovarian mucinous tumor with mural nodules of anaplastic carcinoma: Three case reports

Abstract

BACKGROUND Anaplastic carcinoma mural nodules in ovarian mucinous tumors are very rare. This study aimed to report the morphological characteristics, molecular detection results, clinical treatment and prognosis of three ovarian mucinous tumors with mural nodules of anaplastic carcinoma. CASE SUMMARY The pathomorphological features, molecular detection results, clinical treatment and prognosis of anaplastic carcinoma mural nodules were described in three cases. In case 1, sarcoma-like mural nodules (SLMNs) coexisted with anaplastic carcinoma mural nodules. No mutation was found in mucinous tumors. KRAS mutation was found in anaplastic carcinoma nodules and heterotypic cells were found in SLMNs. In case 2, KRAS mutation occurred in the mucinous epithelium and BRAF mutation occurred in mural nodules. In case 3, both mural nodules and mucinous tumors had the same KRAS mutation and a morphological transition between them was observed. All three patients died within 2 years, whether receiving chemotherapy or not. CONCLUSION Anaplastic carcinoma mural nodules may develop from dedifferentiation of mucinous tumors or are unrelated to mucinous tumors.

Anaplastic Carcinoma Arising From a Mural Nodule in Benign Mucinous Cystadenoma

“…The most common tumor marker associated with ovarian cancer is CA-125 followed by CA-199. However, many cases of anaplastic carcinoma present CEA, CA-125, and CA-199 within normal limits, which makes it more difficult to suspect and eventually diagnose [ 9 ]. This correlates with the present case.…”