Ovariectomy in young prepubertal dairy heifers causes complete suppression of mammary progesterone receptors

Velayudhan, B. T.; Huderson, Brandy Patrice; Ellis, S.E.; Parsons, C.L.M.; Hovey, Russell C.; Rowson, A.R.; Akers, R.M.

doi:10.1016/j.domaniend.2014.10.002

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 39 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In addition, mammary explants from ovariectomized heifers were less sensitive to IGF-I as measured by direct receptor binding (Purup et al, 1995), but explants from both intact and ovariectomized heifers showed increased proliferative responses to graded concentrations of added IGF-I (Purup et al, 1993a). Although Purup et al (1993b) noted small but significant differences in circulating concentrations of estradiol in intact vs. ovariectomized heifers, in subsequent experiments using younger animals, we showed no difference in concentrations of estradiol despite decreased mammary development after ovariectomy (Velayudhan et al, 2015).…”

Section: Hormonal Control Of Prepubertal Mammary Developmentcontrasting

confidence: 57%

“…There was also reduced expression of ESR1 mRNA. In contrast to the response to ovariectomy (Velayudhan et al, 2015), the proportion of PGR-expressing cells was similar (37%) in tamoxifen-and placebo-treated heifers. Especially evident in placebo-treated heifers was that most ESR1-positive cells also expressed PGR (Fig.…”

Section: Hormonal Control Of Prepubertal Mammary Developmentmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…At least in ruminants, the conventional thought has been that P4 is primarily important in lobulo-alveolar formation during gestation. Progesterone receptors are present in bovine mammary cells of prepubertal heifers but are lost following ovariectomy (Velayudhan et al, 2015). It is difficult to envision that expression of the receptors would not be physiologically relevant; however, treatment of heifers with exogenous P4 had no significant effect on mammary cell proliferation (Woodward et al, 1993).…”

Section: Hormonal Control Of Prepubertal Mammary Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

TRIENNIAL LACTATION SYMPOSIUM/BOLFA: Plasticity of mammary development in the prepubertal bovine mammary gland1,2

Akers

2017

Journal of Animal Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although peripubertal mammary development represents only a small fraction of the total mass of mammary parenchyma present in the udder at the end of gestation and into lactation, there is increasing evidence that the tissue foundations created in early life can affect future mammary development and function. Studies on expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors seem to confirm the relevance of these steroids in prepubertal mammary development, but connections with other growth factors, hormones, and local tissue factors remain elusive. Enhanced preweaning feeding in the bovine appears to enhance the capacity of mammary tissue to response to mammogenic stimulation. This suggests the possibility that improved early nutrition might allow for creation of stem or progenitor cell populations to better support the massive ductal growth and lobulo-alveolar development during gestation. Increasing evidence that immune cells are involved in mammary development suggests there are unexpected and poorly understood connections between the immune system and mammary development. This is nearly unexplored in ruminants. Development of new tools to identify, isolate, and characterize cell populations within the developing bovine mammary gland offer the possibility of identifying and perhaps altering populations of mammary stem cells or selected progenitor cells to modulate mammary development and, possibly, mammary function.

show abstract

Section: Hormonal Control Of Prepubertal Mammary Developmentcontrasting

confidence: 57%

Section: Hormonal Control Of Prepubertal Mammary Developmentmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Hormonal Control Of Prepubertal Mammary Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

TRIENNIAL LACTATION SYMPOSIUM/BOLFA: Plasticity of mammary development in the prepubertal bovine mammary gland1,2

Akers

2017

Journal of Animal Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…previously found no significant effect of progesterone on colon epithelial cell permeability using chamber experiments in rat with bilateral ovariectomy 57 . This may result from the absence of overall progesterone receptor expression after bilateral ovariectomy 58 . Consistently, we observed that treatment with physiological concentrations of progesterone increased the expression of the tight junction protein occludin and decreased gut permeability in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progesterone decreases gut permeability through upregulating occludin expression in primary human gut tissues and Caco-2 cells

Zhou

Bian

Luo

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Progesterone plays a protective role in preventing inflammation and preterm delivery during pregnancy. However, the mechanism involved is unknown. Microbial product translocation from a permeable mucosa is demonstrated as a driver of inflammation. To study the mechanism of the protective role of progesterone during pregnancy, we investigated the effect of physiologic concentrations of progesterone on tight junction protein occludin expression and human gut permeability in vitro and systemic microbial translocation in pregnant women in vivo . Plasma bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a representative marker of in vivo systemic microbial translocation was measured. We found that plasma LPS levels were significantly decreased during 24 to 28 weeks of gestation compared to 8 to 12 weeks of gestation. Moreover, plasma LPS levels were negatively correlated with plasma progesterone levels but positively correlated with plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels at 8 to 12 weeks of gestation but not at 24 to 28 weeks of gestation. Progesterone treatment increased intestinal trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) in primary human colon tissues and Caco-2 cells in vitro through upregulating tight junction protein occludin expression. Furthermore, progesterone exhibited an inhibitory effect on nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation following LPS stimulation in Caco-2 cells. These results reveal a novel mechanism that progesterone may play an important role in decreasing mucosal permeability, systemic microbial translocation, and inflammation during pregnancy.

show abstract

“…Moreover, mammary tissue in prepubertal ruminants is sensitive to E 2 (Woodward et al, 1993;Ellis et al, 1998;Capuco et al, 2002). Despite the fact that circulating concentrations of E 2 are very low in prepubertal calves (Purup et al, 1993;Velayudhan et al, 2012Velayudhan et al, , 2015 when E 2 influence is removed from the calf via ovariectomy or the use of an E 2 receptor antagonist, mammary gland development is markedly reduced (Berry et al, 2003;Tucker et al, 2016). Perhaps enhanced early nutrition augments the action of mammogenic stimuli (such as E 2 ); for this reason, we selected E 2 to test our hypothesis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding a higher plane of nutrition and providing exogenous estrogen increases mammary gland development in Holstein heifer calves

Geiger

Parsons

Akers

2016

Journal of Dairy Science

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Feeding heifers a higher plane of nutrition postweaning but before puberty can negatively affect mammary gland development and future milk yield. However, enhanced nutrition preweaning may promote development and future production. Our objectives were to determine the effects of enhanced feeding preweaning and exogenous estrogen immediately postweaning on mammary gland development and the composition of the mammary parenchyma (PAR) and mammary fat pad (MFP). Thirty-six Holstein heifer calves (<1 wk old) were reared on 1 of 2 dietary treatments for 8 wk: (1) a restricted milk replacer fed at 0.45 kg/d (R; 20% crude protein, 20% fat), or (2) an enhanced milk replacer fed at 1.13 kg/d (EH; 28% crude protein, 25% fat). Upon weaning, calves from each diet (n=6) were given either a placebo or estrogen implant for 2 wk, creating 4 treatments: R, R + estrogen (R-E2), EH, and EH + estrogen (EH-E2). Calves were housed individually with ad libitum access to water. Starter feeding began at wk 5 and was balanced between treatments. Udders were evaluated by palpation and physical measurements weekly. Subsets of calves were killed at weaning (n=6 per diet) and at the conclusion of the trial (n=6 per treatment). Udders were removed, dissected, and weighed. At wk 8, EH calves had longer front and rear teats. Providing estrogen to EH calves increased the length of rear teats during wk 9 and 10. Enhanced-fed calves had 5.2-fold more trimmed mammary gland mass than R calves. Providing estrogen to EH calves further increased mammary gland weight. Masses of PAR and MFP were markedly greater for EH calves than for R calves (e.g., 7.3-fold greater PAR tissue). Estrogen increased the mass of both PAR and MFP in EH calves. Feeding a higher plane of nutrition increased total protein, DNA, and fat in the MFP and total protein and DNA in the PAR. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry estimates of mammary fat mass were highly correlated with biochemical analyses of fat content. From histological study, we observed that the degree of expansion of epithelium into the adjacent stromal tissue and the complexity of ductal development were minimal in R, increased in EH, and increased by estrogen in both dietary treatments. Results provide compelling evidence that preweaning nutrition and estrogen administration immediately postweaning markedly increase mammary gland development in dairy calves. Cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for these differences are currently under study.

show abstract

Ovariectomy in young prepubertal dairy heifers causes complete suppression of mammary progesterone receptors

Cited by 15 publications

References 39 publications

TRIENNIAL LACTATION SYMPOSIUM/BOLFA: Plasticity of mammary development in the prepubertal bovine mammary gland1,2

TRIENNIAL LACTATION SYMPOSIUM/BOLFA: Plasticity of mammary development in the prepubertal bovine mammary gland1,2

Progesterone decreases gut permeability through upregulating occludin expression in primary human gut tissues and Caco-2 cells

Feeding a higher plane of nutrition and providing exogenous estrogen increases mammary gland development in Holstein heifer calves

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About