Ovary stereological features and serum biochemical factors following induction of polycystic ovary syndrome with testosterone enanthate in mice: An experimental study

Abstract

Background:Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder featured by insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism. Testosterone enanthate can induce PCOS in mice models.Objective:We investigated the ovary stereological features along with the oxidative stress and inflammatory factors in mice following PCOS induction using testosterone enanthate.Materials and Methods:Twelve female NMRI mice (3 wk old) were divided into 2 groups (n=6/each): Control and PCOS. PCOS was induced through daily injections of testosterone enanthate (1 mg/100g subcutaneous s.c for 5 wk). Finally, ovaries were studied stereologically. The serum levels of the follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α were measured using ELISA kit. Serum levels of Malondialdehyde and the antioxidant capacity were measured relatively using thiobarbituric acid and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay.Results:The mean total volume of ovary and the mean volume of cortex (p<0.001), volume of oocyte in the preantral (p=0.011) and antral follicle (p=0.015), thickness of zona pellucida (p=0.016), the number of antral follicles (p=0.012), the serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (p<0.001) and the antioxidant capacity (p=0.020) reduced significantly in the PCOS group compared to the control. The number of primary (p=0.017) and preantral (p=0.006) follicles and the serum levels of testosterone (p<0.001), Luteinizing hormone (p=0.002), Malondialdehyde, Interleukin 6 and Tumor necrosis factor-α (p<0.001) showed a significant increase in the PCOS group compared to the control.Conclusion:Testosterone enanthate induced PCOS causes stereological features in the ovary, increases the oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in mice.

Investigating the Effect of Crocus sativus (Saffron) Petal Hydro-alcoholic Extract on Ovarian Follicle, Inflammatory Markers, and Antioxidant Enzymes in Mice Model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

“…The assessment of preventive effects of SPE on ovarian tissue showed that injection of SPE in TE-treated mice leads to a reduction of large cysts’ growth in the cortex and a reduced number of small cysts in the medullary region, and an increase in number of corpus luteum compared to PCOS groups. Kalhori et al induced PCOS in NMRI mice by TE and reported that many cysts were formed in the ovary; they found that the origin of these cysts is from atresia in antral follicles, and they have features such as degenerated granulosa cell layer and thick follicular theca layer compared to the control group and corpus luteum loss was also reported in this study ( 24 ). In this study, changes in ovarian tissue in the PCOS mice were consistent with the results of Hu et al’s and Kalhori et al’s studies, indicating successful induction of the syndrome and impaired follicle development in adult mice compared with the control group following treatment with medicinal plants ( 23 , 25 ).…”

Assessment of hepatoprotective, nephroprotective efficacy, and antioxidative potential of Moringa oleifera leaf powder and ethanolic extract against PCOS‐induced female albino mice (Mus Musculus)

“…After a period of acclimatization, 1.0 mg/100 g BW testosterone enanthate was dissolved in sesame oil (100:9900 μL), and injected in into thigh muscle of albino mice for 35 days to induce PCOS (Kalhori et al, 2018 ).…”

“…Oxygen free radicals are superoxides that can cause cell damage and apoptosis, leading to cancer and myocardial infarction (Padureanu et al, 2019 ; Tsatsakis et al, 2019 ). Oxidative stress also results in PCOS and leads to a high level of malondialdehyde (MDA) (Kalhori et al, 2018 ). The presence of toxic substances in the body, such as MDA, free radicals, and other lipid peroxidation products causes oxidative stress and can contribute to insulin resistance (IR) (Murri et al, 2013 ).…”

Challenges in Establishing a Relevant Model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Rats – A Mini Review

“…Also, TP could be administrated as 1.25 mg/100 g body weight from the age of 5 to 21 postnatal day, orally (40). Testosterone enanthate induced PCOS causes stereological features in the ovary, increases the oxidative stress and inflammatory markers (41).…”