Over and undernutrition in the children of Australian immigrants: Assessing the influence of birthplace of primary carer and English language use at home on the nutritional status of 4–5-year-olds

Renzaho, Andre Μ Ν; Oldroyd, John; Burns, Catherine; Waters, Elizabeth; Riggs, Elisha; Renzaho, Catherine

doi:10.1080/17477160802264507

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…The prevalence of thinness in income rich countries has been shown to be higher in certain ethnic minority groups, such as Asian and Middle Eastern children [ 29 – 32 ]. This has prompted suggestions that the IOTF BMI cut-offs may overestimate thinness in these groups [ 32 ], although others have suggested that these elevated levels may be due to greater levels of disadvantage experienced by immigrant populations [ 31 ]. In the MCS, the prevalence of thinness was substantially higher in South Asian and ‘Other’ ethnic groups when compared to White children; and in the UK these groups tend to live in more disadvantaged circumstances [ 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disadvantaged children at greater relative risk of thinness (as well as obesity): a secondary data analysis of the England National Child Measurement Programme and the UK Millennium Cohort Study

Pearce¹,

Rougeaux²,

Law³

2015

Int J Equity Health

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IntroductionYoung children living in more disadvantaged socio-economic circumstances (SECs) are at an increased risk of overweight and obesity. However, there is scant research examining the prevalence and social distribution of thinness in early childhood, despite potential negative consequences for health and development across the life-course.MethodsWe examined the social gradient in thinness (and overweight and obesity for comparison) for 2,620,422 four-to-five year olds attending state maintained primary schools from 2007/8 to 2011/12, in the England National Child Measurement Programme (NCMP), and 16,715 children from the UK Millennium Cohort Study (MCS), born in 2000–2002, and measured at ages of three, five and seven. Children were classified as being thin, healthy weight (and, for completeness, overweight or obese) using international age and sex adjusted cut-offs for body mass index (BMI). Prevalences (and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs)) were estimated, overall, and according to SECs: area deprivation (NCMP, MCS); household income, and maternal social class and education (MCS only). Relative Risk Ratios (RRRs) and CIs for thinness, overweight and obesity were estimated in multinomial models by SECs (baseline healthy weight). In the MCS, standard errors were estimated using clustered sandwich estimators to account for repeated measures, and, for thinness, RRRs by SECs were also estimated adjusting for a range of early life characteristics.ResultsIn 2007/8 to 2011/12, 5.20 % of four-to-five year old girls (n = 66,584) and 5.88 % of boys (78,934) in the NCMP were thin. In the MCS, the prevalence of thinness was 4.59 % (693) at three, 4.21 % (702) at five, and 5.84 % (804) at seven years. In both studies, and for all measures of SECs, children from the most disadvantaged groups were more likely to be thin than those from the most advantaged groups. For example, MCS children whose mothers had no educational qualifications were fifty percent more likely to be thin (RRR 1.5 (CI: 1.24, 1.8)) than those whose mothers had a degree. These patterns were attenuated but remained after adjusting for early life characteristics.ConclusionsChildren from more disadvantaged backgrounds are at elevated relative risk of thinness as well as obesity. Researchers and policymakers should consider environmental influences on thinness in addition to overweight and obesity.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12939-015-0187-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disadvantaged children at greater relative risk of thinness (as well as obesity): a secondary data analysis of the England National Child Measurement Programme and the UK Millennium Cohort Study

Pearce¹,

Rougeaux²,

Law³

2015

Int J Equity Health

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“…There is very limited information about the effect of acculturation on bone heath in men, but the use of the English language at home has been reported as a protective factor for normal weight in young boys in a nationally representative sample of children in Australia [39]. English language fluency was reported as predictor of hip fracture incidence in USA [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic status and bone health in community-dwelling older men: the CHAMP Study

et al. 2010

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“…Combining fruit and vegetable intakes also reflects: (i) that diet is complex, comprising intakes of foods that correlate with one another (35) and do not operate alone (21) ; and (ii) dietary patterns may also predict the risk of disease better than individual foods ( P1 was asked whether the study child speaks a language other than English at home. Similar to Renzaho et al (36) , we grouped languages into two categories: 'English only' and 'Other language'…”

Section: Dietary Trajectory Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental health behaviour predictors of childhood and adolescent dietary trajectories

Gasser

Mensah

Clifford

et al. 2018

Public Health Nutr.

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Over and undernutrition in the children of Australian immigrants: Assessing the influence of birthplace of primary carer and English language use at home on the nutritional status of 4–5-year-olds

Cited by 15 publications

References 40 publications

Disadvantaged children at greater relative risk of thinness (as well as obesity): a secondary data analysis of the England National Child Measurement Programme and the UK Millennium Cohort Study

Disadvantaged children at greater relative risk of thinness (as well as obesity): a secondary data analysis of the England National Child Measurement Programme and the UK Millennium Cohort Study

Socioeconomic status and bone health in community-dwelling older men: the CHAMP Study

Parental health behaviour predictors of childhood and adolescent dietary trajectories

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