Over-expression of arginine vasopressin in magnocellular neurosecretory cells of hypothalamus and its potential relationship with development of diabetic nephropathy

Abstract

Introduction: We aimed to assess our hypothesis that the expression changes of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs) of hypothalamus and V2 receptor for AVP (RVP) in kidney may contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Material and methods: Twenty-five male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the control group and the diabetes mellitus (DM) group. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining and electron microscopy were used for morphological studies. Immunohistochemical staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is standard for visualization of reactive astrocytes in the hypothalamus. Hypothalamus was used for immunofluorescence of AVP. Kidney was used for immunohistochemical staining of RVP. Quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used for quantitative determinations of AVP mRNA in hypothalamus and RVP mRNA in kidney. Western blot was used to measure the protein expression of AVP in hypothalamus and RVP in kidney. Results: Morphological studies showed abnormalities in kidney and hypothalamus in the DM group. The number of neurons and the gray value of astrocytes in hypothalamus in the DM group were markedly decreased. The expression level of AVP in hypothalamus and the expression level of RVP in kidney of DM rats were significantly increased. The positive correlations between the proteinuria and expression (mRNA and protein) of AVP, proteinuria and expression (mRNA and protein) of RVP, and the expression of AVP and RVP levels were found. Conclusions: AVP was upregulated in the MNCs of hypothalamus and RVP was upregulated in kidney in streptozotocin-induced DM rats, indicating their potential roles in the development of DN.

Overexpression of miR-221-3p effecting cell proliferation, apoptosis and inflammation by targeting Toll-like receptors 4 in propofol-induced rat astrocytes

“…At present, there is a lack of evidence to support the safe use of propofol (6,7). Besieds, astrocytes are the most abundant glial cells in the central nervous system (8), which provide critical support for brain development, neuronal differentiation, and neurotransmitter homeostasis in developing and adult CNS (9,10). Thus, the potential role of propofol in developing anesthesia strategies may be reconsidered.…”

“…MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs (18~23 nt) that bind to the seed sequences within the 3'UTR region of target mRNAs to regulate translational repression or degradation of target mRNAs (11). In addition, miRNAs dysregulation was associated with neurodegenerative disease (10,12). Some miRNAs are related to inflammatory pathways, such as miR-155, miR-146a, miR-21 and miR-124 (13).…”