Over-representation of Maori New Zealanders among adolescents in a schizotypy taxon

Linscott, Richard J.; Marie, Dannette; Arnott, Kelly L.; Clarke, Bronwyn L.

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2006.02.006

Cited by 32 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…One study [41] indicated that two distinct schizotypal classes exist, one characterized by elevated levels of social anhedonia, the other by aberrant perceptual experiences and perhaps magical ideation. The second study [42] again supported a categorical view of this positive symptom-related form of schizotypy.…”

Section: Personality Disorderssupporting

confidence: 58%

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The Latent Structure of Mental Disorders: A Taxometric Update on the Categorical vs Dimensional Debate

Haslam

2007

CPSR

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Taxometric analysis is a statistical methodology for testing between categorical and dimensional models of latent variables. This article reviews taxometric research on the structure of mental disorders conducted since previous reviews in 2003, a period in which the quantity of this work has more than doubled. Taxometric studies have addressed a wide variety of mental disorders whose status as discrete categories or dimensional continua has been controversial, including unipolar depression, schizophrenia subtypes, post-traumatic stress disorder, and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. They continue to yield categorical and dimensional findings with approximately equal frequency, and with adequate levels of replication. These findings are summarized, practical implications are discussed, and several concerns about current taxometric practice are raised.

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Section: Personality Disorderssupporting

confidence: 58%

“…Several of the studies reviewed to this point have investigated depression, anxiety, or personality disturbance in adolescent or child samples [22,27,37,38,42,49]. Three further studies have examined disorders of childhood that had received no previous taxometric scrutiny.…”

Section: Disorders Of Childhoodmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Latent Structure of Mental Disorders: A Taxometric Update on the Categorical vs Dimensional Debate

Haslam

2007

CPSR

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“…Conversely, SPD was clearly taxonic among individuals with a SUD. The taxonicity among respondents with a SUD is consistent with most prior taxometric studies of SPD (Blanchard, Gangstead, Brown, & Horan, 2000; Fossati, Raine, Borroni, & Maffei, 2007; Horan et al, 2004; Korfine & Lenzenweger, 1992; Linscott, Marie, Arnott, & Clarke, 2006; Meyer & Keller, 2001) that were largely conducted among undergraduates who are similarly at high risk for SPD and other schizophrenic spectrum disorders because of their SUD, or studies of children of schizophrenic parents who are at-risk because of hereditary predisposition (Erlenmeyer-Kimling, Golden, & Cornblatt, 1989; Tyrka et al, 1995b). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Schizotypy, generally defined by selected positive (i.e., perceptual aberration, magical thinking, referential thinking, and hallucinatory tendency) or negative (i.e., social anhedonia, physical anhedonia) features, is one of the most taxometrically studied personality constructs. Most of the sixteen taxometric studies published to date measured a single domain of positive or negative features and were conducted in large undergraduate samples (Blanchard, Gangestad, Brown, & Horan, 2000; Horan, Blanchard, & Gangestad, 2004; Korfine & Lezenweger, 1995; Lezenweger, 1999; Lezenweger & Korfine, 1992; Linscott, Marie, Arnott, & Clarke, 2006; Meyer & Keller, 2001); a few used smaller at-risk samples (e.g., offspring of mothers with schizophrenia) (Erlenmeyer-Kimling, Golden, & Cornblatt, 1989; Golden & Meehl, 1979). Taxonic structures underlying schizotypy were found in all but four of these studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DSM-IV schizotypal personality disorder: a taxometric analysis among individuals with and without substance use disorders in the general population

Kerridge

Saha

Hasin

2014

Mental Health and Substance Use

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This study examined the underlying structure of DSM-IV schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) among individuals with and without a substance use disorder. Using a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults, taxometric analyses were conducted on SPD in the total sample and among individuals with and without a substance use disorder. The structure of SPD in the total sample and among individuals without substance use disorders was dimensional (comparison curve fit indices (CCFI): 0.440, 0.365) whereas a taxonic structure was demonstrated among individuals with a substance use disorder (CCFI: 0.679). Taxonicity underlying schizotypy and SPD in prior taxometric research may have been the result of sampling high risk subsamples of the population. Taxometric research on SPD and other personality psychopathology among high risk subgroups of the population can help elucidate the complex etiology of SPD and the role played by comorbid substance use disorders in the expressivity of these disorders.

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“…Schizotypy was assessed using the Thinking and Perceptual Style Questionnaire (TPSQ) [20], [21], a 99-item self-report measure that yields factor-based subscale scores for positive schizotypy (disordered thought, suspiciousness, hallucinatory tendency, magical thinking, perceptual aberration, self-reference ideation, and odd speech) and hypohedonia (social, emotional, gustatory, aesthetic, tactile, and exertion domains) [17]. Three composite scores were used in order not to undermine power in analyses: the sum of the positive schizotypy subscales, a social hypohedonia score (social plus emotional subscales) and a physical hypohedonia score (gustatory, aesthetic, tactile, and exertion).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact and Desirability of News of Risk for Schizophrenia

et al. 2013

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In studies of schizotypy, investigators seldom inform participants that they are engaged in research designed to shed light on risk for schizophrenia. Such nondisclosure is justified in part by the argument that disclosure of risk status may be harmful. However, there is little evidence that this is the case. Harm arising from disclosure of risk status was examined in two experiments. In the first, participants (n = 114 psychology undergraduates) were asked to anticipate their reactions to news of risk for schizophrenia, depression, cancer, and diabetes, and also to indicate whether they would want to know their schizophrenia risk status. Participants anticipated schizophrenia risk would have a negative impact that was significantly greater than depression or diabetes risk but similar to cancer risk. The anticipated impact of schizophrenia risk was predicted by expectations of stigmatization as well as confidence in the accuracy of biological screening. Although 81% indicated a preference for knowing their risk status, just 11% were prepared to undergo an assessment to find out. In the second, a between-subjects deception paradigm was used to inform participants (n = 144 psychology undergraduates) they had an enzyme deficiency that placed them at increased risk for schizophrenia, cancer, or depression. Impact was assessed using prospective self-report and salivary cortisol and retrospective self-report. Impact was modeled using measures of stigmatization and health locus of control. Retrospectively, schizophrenia, cancer, and depression risk had strong negative impacts relative to a control group, but there was no effect on prospective measures. Together, the findings suggest that news of risk for schizophrenia has the potential to engender distress, although participants’ anticipations and reflections of responses are not corroborated in prospectively measured outcomes.

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Over-representation of Maori New Zealanders among adolescents in a schizotypy taxon

Cited by 32 publications

References 32 publications

The Latent Structure of Mental Disorders: A Taxometric Update on the Categorical vs Dimensional Debate

The Latent Structure of Mental Disorders: A Taxometric Update on the Categorical vs Dimensional Debate

DSM-IV schizotypal personality disorder: a taxometric analysis among individuals with and without substance use disorders in the general population

The Impact and Desirability of News of Risk for Schizophrenia

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