Over-the-horizon broadband maritime communications utilizing novel lightweight antennas

Hybrid Satellite-Terrestrial Communication Networks for the Maritime Internet of Things: Key Technologies, Opportunities, and Challenges

“…Microwave scattering communications have the advantages of long distance, large capacity, high security, and high flexibility. Therefore, microwave scattering is very suitable for providing communication services for users in environmentally harsh areas, such as mountains, deserts, and oceans [202]- [204].…”

“…Thus, the transmission distance using microwave scattering in maritime communications is larger than that in terrestrial communications [205][206]. Until now, many experimental links have been set up for over-the-horizon maritime communications using microwave frequency band, such as the 5.8 GHz band [202], and the 2.2 GHz band [204].…”

“…improving the efficiency of ship-to-ship communications multiple antennas multiple directional antennas [141] virtual MIMO technologies [143] resource allocation distributed adaptive time slot allocation [147], cognition-enhanced mesh MAC protocol [148] ship-borne BS sleeping control and power allocation [172] utilizing high-throughput satellites improving the throughput of satellite-to-ship communications smart antennas smart satellite terminals [177][178] phased array antennas [181]- [183] satellite-MANET coordination network protocol intelligent middleware and link-specific protocol [185] multi-hop routing protocol [186] backhaul link selection algorithm [187] extending the coverage of a single BS reducing propagation loss directional beams MIMO transmit diversity and multiplexing [200] location-aware dynamic beam scheduling [201] achieving over-the-horizon communications microwave scattering experimental microwave links [203] novel lightweight antennas [204] interference alleviation interference analysis interference modelling modelling of interferences on other satellites in maritime satellite communications [179] interference simulation analysis and simulation of interference produced to the fixed service receivers by the mobile satellite service [180] analysing the co-channel interference from maritime mobile earth station to 5G mobile service [212][213] interference coordination resource allocation pilot scheduling and power allocation [216] radio resource block allocation [218] between the satellite and the terrestrial network, study the optimal beam design method, or suppress inter-beam interference.…”