Overcoming Autofluorescence: Long‐Lifetime Infrared Nanoparticles for Time‐Gated In Vivo Imaging

Abstract

The always present and undesired contribution of autofluorescence is here completely avoided by combining a simple time gating technology with long lifetime neodymium doped infrared-emitting nanoparticles.

Recent Progress in Time‐Resolved Biosensing and Bioimaging Based on Lanthanide‐Doped Nanoparticles

“…In the past decades, many kinds of luminescent probes, including fluorescent proteins, organic dyes, and luminescent nanoparticles have been employed for bioimaging . When it comes to in vivo imaging, autofluorescence and light scattering must be taken into consideration . Time‐resolved imaging technique has become a useful method for complete removal of autofluorescence especially using lanthanide‐doped DSNPs having long luminescence lifetimes.…”

“…Jaque and co‐workers synthesized Nd‐doped DSNPs and used them as probe for in vivo imaging via time‐gated imaging technique . In their work, the NaGdF 4 :Nd were prepared using a thermal decomposition method.…”

“…c) Non‐time‐gated images (left) and time‐gated images (right) of mouse orally administered with NaGdF 4 :Nd nanoparticles. a–c) Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2015, John Wiley and Sons.…”

Tm3+‐Sensitized NIR‐II Fluorescent Nanocrystals for In Vivo Information Storage and Decoding

“…Then the two-dimensional QR codes as encoded materials were fabricated (Figure 4c and Experimental Section in the Supporting Information). [15] Taking advantage of this method to remove the interference from the laser source, images with higher spatial resolution and deeper penetration depth were obtained (Figure 4f and Figure S19). Since the InGaAs CCD has great response to NIR-II wavelength lasers that cannot be eliminated using only optical filters,at ime-gated fluorescence imaging technique was developed for straightforward acquisition of autofluorescence-free in vivo images.…”

Near-Infrared to Visible Upconversion Emission Induced Photopolymerization: Polystyrene Shell Coated NaYF₄ Nanoparticles for Fluorescence Bioimaging and Nanothermometry

“…Rare-earth doped ceramic nanophosphors (RED-CNPs) are one of the most promising probe materials for OTN-NIR fluorescence bioimaging [12][13][14][15][16][17]. RED-CNPs are known to show OTN-NIR and visible upconversion (UC) emission under NIR-I excitation [12,18].…”