Overcoming biotic homogenization in ecological restoration

Holl, Karen D.; Luong, Justin C.; Brancalion, Pedro Henrique Santin

doi:10.1016/j.tree.2022.05.002

Cited by 54 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…In addition to the encounter, traces of residual activity (trace, feces, scratch, nest, or vocalization) and local people information were also recorded. Furthermore, the observed bird is categorized into dietary guilds following Schulenberg (2020), namely insectivores, frugivores, granivores, piscivores, and omnivores, to investigate the guild-level response to floristic composition and vegetation structure.…”

Section: Data Collection and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the recent decades, numerous studies highlighted several human activities that severely changed the terrestrial landscape, including agriculture and monoculture plantation (Seymour and Harris 2019;Lezzi et al 2021), urbanization (Knop 2016), landscape simplification (Gámez-Virues et al 2015), road development (Haider et al 2017), mining (Sonter et al 2017), and airport development (Alquezar et al 2020) that often lead to biotic homogenization and the replacement of the specialized, rare native, and endemic species by the cosmopolitan and generalist species, which frequently thrive in disturbed ecosystems (Solar et al 2015;Holl et al 2022). Furthermore, the spread of cosmopolitan species into newly accessible areas expands their range and population, accelerating the colonization process (Dyer et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to their small ecological niche, specialized species are disproportionately eliminated from the ecosystem (Socolar et al 2016;Vatani et al 2017;Reside et al 2019) There is a growing body of evidence showing the anthropogenic impact on several taxa homogenization, including birds (Mitchell et al 2022), herpetofauna (Palmeirim et al 2017), insects (Knop 2016), freshwater fish (Bezerra et al 2019), river and lake macroinvertebrates (McGoff et al 2013;Liu et al 2022), mammals (Lezzi et al 2021;Arce-Penna et al 2022), also vegetation (Haider et al 2017). These simplifications potentially adversely impact the ecological services since the loser species potentially serve critical roles in the ecosystem (Holl et al 2022). Therefore, several countries have developed instruments, such as Biodiversity Assessment on Environmental Impact Assessment, to minimize and forecast biodiversity loss in the face of development (CBD 2006;Bigard et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biodiversity monitoring as a baseline for PROPER biodiversity protection program of PT. Geo Dipa Energi Dieng, Central Java, Indonesia

et al. 2022

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Abstract. Hadisusanto S, Purnomo, Trijoko, Reza A, Eprilurahman R, Yudha DS, Sudibyo P, Asti HA, Fauzy NH, Pranoto FS, Priyono DS, Mufti S, Rabbani A, Putri DM, Syamsumin, Tampubolon APC, Abdullah FN. 2022. Biodiversity monitoring as a baseline for PROPER biodiversity protection program of PT. Geo Dipa Energi Dieng, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 4466-4472. Anthropogenic activities drove an unprecedented rate of land-use change in the last century. Corporate is one of the most highlighted sectors due to the extent of the impact on the environment. Therefore, PROPER (Corporate Performance Rating Assessment for Environmental Program) was developed by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry as a safeguard to halt biodiversity loss due to corporate-related development in Indonesia. The present study analyzed the flora and fauna composition, structure, and trend in PT. Geo Dipa Energi Dieng well pad surrounding area from 2019-2021, as a critical part of the PROPER assessments. The study revealed that the study area was homogeneously dominated by shrubs-herbaceous plants, contributing to 60% of total species richness and abundance. Two dominant species were the introduced wild species Ageratina riparia and the cultivated plant Solanum tuberosum. Moreover, despite tree individual scarcity, the tree growth form was primarily constituted by introduced species with a mean abundance of 347 individuals, or 5-fold higher than native species. Acacia decurrens and Cupressus sempervirens, the introduced tree species planted during the rehabilitation program, dominated the area. The homogeneous floristic composition led to a homogenization of the fauna community, particularly birds, dominated by cosmopolitan insectivorous species. NMDS analysis and Shannon-Diversity Index also revealed that the pattern and trend among sites and years were similar, and there was an insignificant change, showing the urgency of the long-term revegetation programs to rehabilitate the ecosystem. Moreover, the presence of protected species in the study area showed that ecosystem rehabilitation is critical.

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Section: Data Collection and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biodiversity monitoring as a baseline for PROPER biodiversity protection program of PT. Geo Dipa Energi Dieng, Central Java, Indonesia

et al. 2022

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“…The Death Valley trophic cascade is a promising and particularly relevant model system for studying novel interactions involving megafauna species because donkeys can perform ecological functions no longer provided by the native biota (Holl et al, 2022; Lundgren et al, 2020). Assessing the magnitude and nature of the effects reported by Lundgren et al on community‐level properties, however, remains an open question (Figure 1).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trophic rewilding using megafauna species is a promising approach focused on species reintroductions and on using non‐native species as functional replacements. Restored megafauna trophic cascades can dampen anthropogenic effects on biodiversity (Holl et al, 2022; Svenning et al, 2016). For example, reintroduced native apex predators can trigger cascading effects, such as wolves indirectly promoting willow growth by changing the behaviour of elks in the Yellowstone National Park (Ripple et al, 2014).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

How cougars and feral donkeys change desert wetlands: Novel interactions between native predators and non‐native megaherbivores shape trophic cascades in the Anthropocene

Raimundo

2022

Journal of Animal Ecology

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Research Highlight: Lundgren, E. J., Ramp, D., Middleton, O. S., Wooster, E. I. F., Kusch, E., Balisi, M., Ripple, W. J., Hasselerharm, C. D., Sanchez, J. N., Mills, M. & Wallach, A. D. (2022) A novel trophic cascade between cougars and feral donkeys shapes desert wetlands. Journal of Animal Ecology, (91, 2010‐2022). https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13766. Despite being absent from most regions of the contemporary world, megafauna species dominated the dynamics of ecological communities until the late Pleistocene. Trophic rewilding is a promising approach to restoring megafauna interactions, their functional roles and the consequent trophic cascades. Unintentional rewilding with large non‐native herbivores, such as equids, offers outstanding opportunities for ecologists to understand the outcomes of using replacement species to restore the ecological functions of extinct native megafauna. In this context, it is relevant to understand the extent to which extant native predators can impose top‐down control on non‐native megaherbivores and how trophic cascades arising from novel predator–prey interactions influences biodiversity and ecosystem functions. In Death Valley National Park (United States), Lundgren et al. depict a natural experiment showing compelling evidence of native cougars overcoming ecological naïveté—that is, the mismatches between predator and prey species that do not share a common evolutionary history—and are now successfully preying on younger individuals of feral donkeys. These non‐native donkeys, whose growing wild populations threaten the native biota, became cougars' most frequent dietary item in that region. In areas with cougars, donkeys changed their spatiotemporal foraging patterns, becoming diurnal and less active. On the other hand, donkeys remain more active and forage throughout the day and night in areas without cougars. The cougar–donkey interaction triggered a behaviourally mediated trophic cascade emerging from a ‘landscape of fear’, that is, from the perception of spatial heterogeneity in predation risk by donkeys. Areas with cougars have less trampled ground, fewer donkey trails, and much more canopy cover and vegetation around water. Donkeys concentrate their activity mostly in topologically plain terrains lacking proper sites for the ambush behaviour of cougars and with more intense human presence, likely acting as a shield against the predators. Lundgren et al. present a promising model system for studying the effects of fearful grazers on community structure in the context of novel ecological interactions being established in the Anthropocene. Whether the emerging cascade is transient or persistent, the relative roles of consumptive and non‐consumptive effects as underlying mechanisms, and their consequences for food web structure, functioning and stability, are questions of general interest. Addressing them can help us to elucidate the costs and benefits of using non‐native megaherbivores in the functional restoration of permanently invaded ecosystems.

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Interacting ecological filters influence success and functional composition in restored plant communities over time

Funk

Kimball

Nguyen

et al. 2023

Ecological Applications

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A trait‐based community assembly framework has great potential to direct ecological restoration, but uncertainty over how traits and environmental factors interact to influence community composition over time limits the widespread application of this approach. In this study, we examined how the composition of seed mixes and environment (north‐ vs. south‐facing slope aspect) influence functional composition and native plant cover over time in restored grassland and shrubland communities. Variation in native cover over 4 years was primarily driven by species mix, slope aspect, and a species mix by year interaction rather than an interaction between species mix and slope aspect as predicted. Although native cover was higher on wetter, north‐facing slopes for most of the study, south‐facing slopes achieved a similar cover (65%–70%) by year 4. While community‐weighted mean (CWM) values generally became more resource conservative over time, we found shifts in particular traits across community types and habitats. For example, CWM for specific leaf area increased over time in grassland mixes. Belowground, CWM for root mass fraction increased while CWM for specific root length decreased across all seed mixes. Multivariate functional dispersion remained high in shrub‐containing mixes throughout the study, which could enhance invasion resistance and recovery following disturbance. Functional diversity and species richness were initially higher in drier, south‐facing slopes compared to north‐facing slopes, but these metrics were similar across north‐ and south‐facing slopes by the end of the 4‐year study. Our finding that different combinations of traits were favored in south‐ and north‐facing slopes and over time demonstrates that trait‐based approaches can be used to identify good restoration candidate species and, ultimately, enhance native plant cover across community types and microhabitat. Changing the composition of planting mixes based on traits could be a useful strategy for restoration practitioners to match species to specific environmental conditions and may be more informative than using seed mixes based on growth form, as species within functional groups can vary tremendously in leaf and root traits.

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Overcoming biotic homogenization in ecological restoration

Cited by 54 publications

References 92 publications

Biodiversity monitoring as a baseline for PROPER biodiversity protection program of PT. Geo Dipa Energi Dieng, Central Java, Indonesia

Biodiversity monitoring as a baseline for PROPER biodiversity protection program of PT. Geo Dipa Energi Dieng, Central Java, Indonesia

How cougars and feral donkeys change desert wetlands: Novel interactions between native predators and non‐native megaherbivores shape trophic cascades in the Anthropocene

Interacting ecological filters influence success and functional composition in restored plant communities over time

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