Overcoming disclosure reluctance in youth victims of sex trafficking: New directions for research, policy, and practice.

Lavoie, Jennifer; Dickerson, Kelli L; Redlich, Allison D.; Quas, Jodi A.

doi:10.1037/law0000205

Cited by 39 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 110 publications

(178 reference statements)

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“…Research has noted that CSEC victims' prior experiences with maltreatment and abuse, the nature of their trafficking experience and relationship with the perpetrator, as well as characteristics of trafficking victims' encounters with law enforcement all lay a foundation for a high degree of disclosure reluctance (Lavoie et al, 2019). CSEC victims are an especially vulnerable population with complex motivations not to disclose abuse and a heightened distrust of adults and law enforcement (Lacks & Gordon, 2005), posing unique challenges for interviewers.…”

Section: Csec Victim Reluctancementioning

confidence: 99%

Police interviewing behaviors and commercially sexually exploited adolescents’ reluctance.

Nogalska¹,

Henderson²,

Cho³

et al. 2021

Psychology, Public Policy, and Law

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Little is known about the relation between law enforcement interviewing behaviors and commercially sexually exploited children's (CSEC) reluctance. This study examined the relation between officers' use of maximization, (references to) expertise, minimization, and support and adolescent CSEC victims' reluctance in a small sample of police interviews (n = 2,416 question-answer pairs across 10 interviews). Twenty-six percent of officers' utterances contained at least one interviewing tactic. When statements were paired with maximization, they were correlated with more reluctance than when they were not paired with an interviewing tactic. Contrary to predictions, support was also related to greater reluctance. Open-ended (recall) questions and statements were associated with greater reluctance than closed-ended (recognition) questions. The results highlight the importance of understanding the context in which interviewing strategies are used when assessing the relation between interviewer behavior and interviewee reluctance.

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Section: Csec Victim Reluctancementioning

confidence: 99%

Police interviewing behaviors and commercially sexually exploited adolescents’ reluctance.

Nogalska¹,

Henderson²,

Cho³

et al. 2021

Psychology, Public Policy, and Law

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show abstract

“…Therefore, when a minor exchanges a sexual act for an item of value, this action meets the legal definition of sex trafficking whether the youth's actions are believed to be coerced or voluntary (Covenant House, 2013;Finklea, Fernandes-Alcantara, & Siskin, 2015). Despite this legal protection, many youth who engage in survival sex, or exchange sexual acts to acquire necessities such as food and shelter, risk criminalization or arrest (Lavoie, Dickerson, Redlich, & Quas, 2019). More recently, states have enacted "safe harbor" policies to increase the likelihood that CSEC will receive social welfare services rather than detention.…”

Section: Justice-involved Youthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently, states have enacted "safe harbor" policies to increase the likelihood that CSEC will receive social welfare services rather than detention. Policing procedures and training vary widely, however, and in some states, CSEC are still legally allowed to be charged with prostitution (Lavoie et al, 2019).…”

Section: Justice-involved Youthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Survivors of sex trafficking might come into contact with the justice system through a variety of pathways. Often, CSEC are initially arrested on suspicion of prostitution or detained due to perceived involvement in delinquent behavior (Lavoie et al, 2019). Low-income Communities of Color may experience higher rates of surveillance and legal punitive action, increasing the likelihood of individuals in those communities being detained following sexual exploitation (Sanghera, 2005).…”

Section: Justice-involved Youthmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Injustice in the Justice System: Reforming Inequities for True “Justice for All”

Varghese

Israel

Seymour³

et al. 2019

The Counseling Psychologist

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True justice is equitable. Counseling psychologists, through their skills, knowledge, and values, can be a powerful force in reforming a system that oppresses marginalized groups to one that is just. In this paper, we focus on three major aspects of the justice system: laws and the courts, law enforcement, and detention and corrections, and we further describe injustice in these three areas. We then use critical race theory and counseling psychology perspectives to develop a framework to provide counseling psychologists with practical strategies to transform inequities. Such strategies include advocating to change unjust laws, filling the research gap for effective and humane practices, developing evidence-based programs, and providing leadership and training.

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“…(U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics 2018; U.S. Department of Health & Human Services 2019). Given adolescents' greater tendency than children to be reluctant to disclose sexual abuse and possibly other negative experiences (Goodman-Brown et al 2003;Jaccard et al 1998) and adolesents' potential evasiveness when answering questions about victimization (Lavoie et al 2019;Lindholm et al 2015), they may well need additional prompting to elaborate on their experiences. Implicit encouragement may provide this.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Implicit Encouragement: Enhancing Youth Productivity when Recounting a Stressful Experience

Quas

Dickerson

2019

Int. Journal on Child Malt.

Self Cite

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In recent years, increasing efforts have been focused on testing strategies of improving victimized children's narrative productivity, given that, for many youth, finding out what has happened to them is crucial to intervening and promoting their well-being. Implicit encouragement strategies, such as back channeling by conversational partners, have shown some preliminary promise, but their precise effects on productivity and accuracy have not been adequately examined. In this study, 98 youth, ages 8-14, completed a laboratory-based stressful activity, and a week later, a surprise memory test regarding what happened in the lab activity. Interviewers varied their use of implicit encouragement. Open-ended recall questions asked youth about both factual details and detail about their feelings and thoughts during the laboratory activity. Implicit encouragement increased the amount of both types of details and had no effect on errors. In fact, few youth provided any incorrect information in their recall reports. Neither age nor stress was related to youth's productivity or accuracy, directly or in conjunction with implicit encouragement. Results highlight the value of interviewers using encouraging behaviors when questioning children and adolescents to elicit a range of information about prior stressful experiences. Keywords Children. Adolescents. Memory. Implicit encouragement. Stress In legal settings, statements made by children directly affect investigative decisions and the progression and outcomes of legal cases. This is especially true when the statements are a primary source of evidence of a crime, such as the crime of child sexual abuse, and the completeness and accuracy of children's statements become crucial to the case. The outcome of the case, in turn, has broader implications for protecting victimized children and promoting their long-term well-being.

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Overcoming disclosure reluctance in youth victims of sex trafficking: New directions for research, policy, and practice.

Cited by 39 publications

References 110 publications

Police interviewing behaviors and commercially sexually exploited adolescents’ reluctance.

Police interviewing behaviors and commercially sexually exploited adolescents’ reluctance.

Injustice in the Justice System: Reforming Inequities for True “Justice for All”

Implicit Encouragement: Enhancing Youth Productivity when Recounting a Stressful Experience

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