Overcoming Dormancy of Mayapple Rhizome Segments with Low Temperature Exposure

Maqbool, Muhammad; Cushman, Kent; Moraes, Rita M.; Gerard, Patrick D.

doi:10.21273/hortsci.39.2.307

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Furthermore, the podophyllotoxin profile in leaves is a stable genetic trait and has not changed over time (Moraes et al 2002), indicating that selection and cultivation of high-yielding plants is possible and can become an effective mean of production rather than harvesting wild populations. In fact, our field results have confirmed that cultivation of P. peltatum is possible Maqbool et al 2004), and for maximum yields, plantings of high-yielding podophyllotoxin chemotypes will be advantageous. We are seeking a rational way to preserve the high-yielding accessions of P. peltatum by in vitro conservation, most importantly to conserve the stored genetic material with maximum vigor, disease free and without somaclonal variation.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 67%

In vitro germplasm conservation of Podophyllum peltatum L. under slow growth conditions

Lata

Moraes

Bertoni

et al. 2009

In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant

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Germplasm conservation of Podophyllum peltatum L. was attempted by using synthetic seed technology and media supplemented with osmotic agents. Excised buds from in vitro cultures were encapsulated in calcium alginate beads and cultured on different substrates then stored at 5, 10, and 25°C for up to 8 mo. Survival and vigor in re-growth were the parameters used to evaluate the germplasm storage conditions. Vigor in re-growth was measured by number of buds induced after storage, which was achieved on a substrate containing water solidified with 1% w/v agar under 10°C. In vitro storage of shoot cultures was also evaluated by supplementing osmotic agents, mannitol, or sorbitol to the media. Such treatment had a negative impact on post-storage re-growth (at 25°C), even though the inclusion of 2% w/v sorbitol and mannitol each to the media increased plantlet survival during 10°C storage treatment. A deleterious effect was noticed among cultures in re-growth when higher concentrations of these supplements were added to the media. Genetic stability was assessed following 8 mo of storage using a PCR-based multilocus DNA fingerprinting technique, amplified fragment-length polymorphism. No differences in the DNA fragment patterns were observed using eight primer combinations in stored clones. However, a polymorphic band was noticed in the accession that served as explant source, suggesting that the mutation has occurred prior to this study perhaps during the 9 yr of in vitro cultivation.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 67%

In vitro germplasm conservation of Podophyllum peltatum L. under slow growth conditions

Lata

Moraes

Bertoni

et al. 2009

In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant

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“…Soil adhering to the rhizomes was gently shaken loose. Each segment consisted of two nodes, a terminal node and a 1-year-old node, connected by internodal tissue (referred to as propagule type Nt+N1 in Maqbool et al, 2004). Rhizomes were separated into four groups based on size and apparent vigor: small, medium, large, and extra large.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Podophyllotoxin Content and Yield of American Mayapple Leaves in Sun and Shade

Cushman¹,

Maqbool²,

Lata³

et al. 2005

HortSci

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Four levels of shade (0%, 30%, 55%, and 80%) were used to determine their effect on growth and lignan content of american mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum L.). Mayapple rhizomes were harvested from the wild and transplanted into plant beds on 20 Dec. 2001 using a randomized complete block design with four blocks. Growth and lignan content were recorded during spring of 2002 and 2003. Leaf samples were analyzed for the following lignans: podophyllotoxin, alpha-peltatin, and beta-peltatin. Increasing levels of shade increased shoot longevity, leaf area per plant (cm2/plant), and shoot height. Shade did not affect shoot emergence, total leaf area (cm2·m-2), or leaf dry mass (g·m-2 or g/plant). Regardless of year, podophyllotoxin and total lignan contents at 0% shade were significantly greater than those at 80% shade, and the overall trend was for decreasing contents with increasing shade. Shade did not affect alpha-peltatin content. Content of beta-peltatin was greatest at 0% shade compared to the other three shade treatments. Year affected alpha-peltatin and beta-peltatin contents, with less content of each in 2003 than in 2002. There were large numerical decreases in podophyllotoxin yield (podophyllotoxin content per unit area, mg·m-2) as shade increased from 0% to 80%, but these differences were only marginally significant (P = 0.0897). In contrast, podophyllotoxin yield was significantly greater in 2003 than in 2002 as total leaf area and dry mass significantly increased. Increasing levels of shade slightly decreased air and soil temperatures. Our results indicate that american mayapple is not a shade-requiring species. Under full sun (0% shade) shoots did not persist as long as under shade and leaves were smaller and thicker, but total lignan content was significantly greater than under shade. It appears that growers of specialty crops serving the pharmaceutical industry can establish and cultivate american mayapple under full sun, thus providing leaf biomass with high podophyllotoxin content while avoiding the cost of expensive shade structures.

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“…In addition, Nt+N1 consisted of two nodes whereas Nx and Nt each consisted of one node. Maqbool et al (2004) reported superior growth of Nt+N1 compared to Nx after dormant rhizome segments were exposed to increasing durations of low temperature and then transplanted to pots in the greenhouse. In contrast to spring transplant, Nt+N1 transplanted during fall did not exhibit greater growth compared to Nx and Nt.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1. Briefl y, types were 1) two-node rhizome segments with a terminal node and its adjacent 1-year-old node, referred to as Nt+N1 (see Maqbool et al, 2004), 2) one-node rhizome segments with a single node, other than Nt, of Fig. 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As with lily-of-the-valley, mayapple rhizome segments appear to be useful propagules for establishing greenhouse and fi eld plantings. Maqbool et al (2004) harvested two types of mayapple rhizome segments from the wild, chilled them for 30, 45, 60, 75, or 90 d at 4 °C, and planted them in pots in the greenhouse. Two-node segments performed better than one-node propagules, and segments chilled 60 days or longer performed far better than those chilled for a shorter duration.…”

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Propagule Type and Planting Time Affect Subsequent Mayapple Growth

Cushman¹,

Maqbool²

2005

HortSci

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Leaves of american mayapple (Podophyllum peltatum L.) contain podophyllotoxin, a compound of interest to the pharmaceutical industry. Cultural practices for establishment of mayapple in field plantings for commercial harvest have not been investigated. A factorial arrangement of three planting dates (Fall 2000, Spring 2001, or Summer 2001) and three propagule types (Nt+N1, Nt, or Nx; as described by Maqbool et al., 2004) were used to investigate strategies for establishing mayapple plantings. Rhizome segments were harvested from the wild and transplanted into plant beds in full sun in northern Mississippi. Plant emergence was recorded during March and April of each year from 2001 to 2004. Leaves within each plot were harvested as soon as they began to yellow, from the third week of April to the first week of June each year. Propagule type and planting time interacted to affect subsequent plant growth when measured on an area basis (per square meter of growing area). In 2004, spring-planted Nt+N1 produced more shoots with greater total leaf area and dry mass than spring-planted Nx or Nt. In contrast, Nt+N1 transplanted during fall or summer was equal in performance to that of Nx or Nt. Performance of summer-planted Nt was poor, producing far less leaf area and dry mass than any of the other treatment combinations. On a per plant basis, fall-planted propagules produced greater leaf area and dry mass in 2004 than spring- or summer-planted propagules, and Nt+N1 produced greater leaf area than Nx or Nt. The effect of year was not analyzed in this study due to complications of the experimental design. In conclusion, overall plant growth and performance of spring-planted Nt+N1 can be recommended as excellent and that of fall-planted Nt as poor. All other treatment combinations can be recommended as good. These results will assist growers of specialty crops in establishing mayapple plantings under field conditions in full sun.

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Overcoming Dormancy of Mayapple Rhizome Segments with Low Temperature Exposure

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

In vitro germplasm conservation of Podophyllum peltatum L. under slow growth conditions

In vitro germplasm conservation of Podophyllum peltatum L. under slow growth conditions

Podophyllotoxin Content and Yield of American Mayapple Leaves in Sun and Shade

Propagule Type and Planting Time Affect Subsequent Mayapple Growth

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