Overcoming Noise in Entanglement Distribution

Ecker, Sebastian; Bouchard, Frédéric; Bulla, Lukas; Brandt, Florian; Kohout, Oskar; Steinlechner, Fabian; Fickler, Robert; Malik, Mehul; Guryanova, Yelena; Ursin, Rupert; Huber, Marcus

doi:10.1103/physrevx.9.041042

Cited by 211 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Conversely, if N is fixed, the influence of the noise sources in the channel on ρ will be more and more negligible by increasing d , which leads to a more robust entanglement . Hitherto, the only experiment demonstrating the robustness of high‐dimensional entangled states has been carried out in Vienna by Ecker and coauthors . They certified entanglement either with time–energy or with photonic orbital angular momentum (OAM) degrees of freedom (see Section 3) in different noise conditions, by changing the noise level during the measurements.…”

Section: Enlarging Hilbert Spaces: the More The Bettermentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Dimensional Quantum Communication: Benefits, Progress, and Future Challenges

et al. 2019

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In recent years, there has been a rising interest in high‐dimensional quantum states and their impact on quantum communication. Indeed, the availability of an enlarged Hilbert space offers multiple advantages, from larger information capacity and increased noise resilience, to novel fundamental research possibilities in quantum physics. Multiple photonic degrees of freedom have been explored to generate high‐dimensional quantum states, both with bulk optics and integrated photonics. Furthermore, these quantum states have been propagated through various channels, for example, free‐space links, single‐mode, multicore, and multimode fibers, and also aquatic channels, experimentally demonstrating the theoretical advantages over 2D systems. Here, the state‐of‐the‐art on the generation, propagation, and detection of high‐dimensional quantum states is reviewed. Quantum communication with states living in d‐dimensional Hilbert spaces, qudits, yields great benefits. However, qudits generation, transmission, and detection is not a simple task to accomplish. This review presents the state‐of‐the‐art on the generation, propagation, and measurement of high‐dimensional quantum states, highlighting their advantages, issues, and future perspectives.

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Section: Enlarging Hilbert Spaces: the More The Bettermentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Dimensional Quantum Communication: Benefits, Progress, and Future Challenges

et al. 2019

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“…Here the idea is to use structured light as single photon and entangled states to realise high-dimensional quantum states. While turbulence might inhibit the full potential of spatial mode encoding, there are several advantages: high dimensional states promise heightened security [193], [194], higher error thresholds [33], [34] and robustness against decoherence effects [195].…”

Section: Quantum Structured Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structured Light in Turbulence

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Mphuthi

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et al. 2021

IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.

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Optical communication is an integral part of the modern economy, having all but replaced electronic communication systems. Future growth in bandwidth appears to be on the horizon using structured light, encoding information into the spatial modes of light, and transmitting them down fibre and free-space, the latter crucial for addressing last mile and digitally disconnected communities. Unfortunately, patterns of light are easily distorted, and in the case of free-space optical communication, turbulence is a significant barrier. Here we review recent progress in structured light in turbulence, first with a tutorial style summary of the core concepts, before highlighting the present state-of-the-art in the field. We support our review with new experimental studies that reveal which types of structured light are best in turbulence, the behaviour of vector versus scalar light in turbulence, the trade-off of diversity and multiplexing, and how turbulence models can be exploited for enhanced optical signal processing protocols. This comprehensive treatise will be invaluable to the large communities interested in free-space optical communication with spatial modes of light.

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“…In other words, as the noise sources act locally on every system, increasing the dimension d will reduce the number of systems and thus reduce the effect of noise resulting in the robustness increase [103]. The increasing noise level tolerance as the qudit dimension increases can be shown on an photonic OAM system as an example of its implementation [51].…”

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confidence: 99%