Overcoming oxygen inhibition in UV-curing of acrylate coatings by carbon dioxide inerting, Part I

Studer, Katia; Decker, Christian; Beck, Erich; Schwalm, Reinhold

doi:10.1016/s0300-9440(03)00120-6

Cited by 240 publications

(182 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…When dentists light cure resin composite restorations in increments or after manually contouring the surface layer to shape, the surface layer is exposed to air during polymerization which results in the formation of a resin-rich inhibited layer at the uppermost surface of the resin composite. 103 Many strategies have been developed to combat O 2 inhibition including use of high-intensity lamps/high cure dosage, 102 inert atmospheres, 104 and additives such as amines 105,106 and thiols. 59,[107][108][109] A number of cyclic and acylic N-vinylamides and N-alkylamides were also shown to have significant effect for the reduction of oxygen inhibition, resulting in rapid rates of polymerization in air even at low light intensities.…”

Section: Free Radical Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoinitiated Polymerization: Advances, Challenges, and Opportunities

2010

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The use of photoinitiated polymerization is continuously growing in industry as reflected by the large number of applications in not only conventional areas such as coatings, inks, and adhesives but also high-tech domains, optoelectronics, laser imaging, stereolithography, and nanotechnology. In this Perspective, the latest developments in photoinitiating systems for free radical and cationic polymerizations are presented. The potential use of photochemical methods for step-growth polymerization is also highlighted. The goal is, furthermore, to show approaches to overcome problems associated with the efficiency, wavelength flexibility, and environmental and safety issues in all photoinitiating systems for different modes of activation. Much progress has been made in the past 10 years in the preparation of complex and nanostructured macromolecules by using photoinitiated polymerizations. Thus, the new and emerging applications of photoinitiated polymerizations in the field of biomaterials, surface modification, preparation of block and graft copolymers, and nanocomposites have been addressed.

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Section: Free Radical Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoinitiated Polymerization: Advances, Challenges, and Opportunities

2010

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“…Different methods have been considered: A clear, illustrative example is reported in Figure 4 in which the effect of air and inert atmosphere (CO 2 and N 2 ) was investigated [Studer et al, 2003]. In the presence of air, the polymerization starts after an induction period of 0.2 s, at a speed four times lower than that in an inert atmosphere (Fig.…”

Section: Presence Of Omentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Profiles recorded by RT-FTIR spectroscopy for a PUA (Polyurethane) resin exposed to UV light under different atmospheres and with a PP-film as oxygen barrier ("laminate"). [Studer et al, 2003] …”

Section: Presence Of Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared Spectroscopy as a Tool to Monitor Radiation Curing

Sangermano¹,

Meier²,

Tzavalas³

2012

Infrared Spectroscopy - Materials Science, Engineering and Technology

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“…To improve the cross-linking by UV radiation, an organic resin, photoinitiator or diluent/monomer is often added. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] The same effect can be achieved by adding MAA and ZTP to a siloxane sol. 20,21,24,[31][32][33] Coatings cured by UV radiation at room temperature showed better resistance to corrosion of AA7075-T6 under simulated aircraft conditions (so called Harrison's solution) than coatings cured thermally, as shown in our previous study.…”

Section: 3mentioning

confidence: 81%

Electrochemical and Salt Spray Testing of Hybrid Coatings Based on Si and Zr Deposited on Aluminum and Its Alloys

Rodič

Milošev

2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Hybrid coatings based on Si and Zr were assessed for their protection of aluminum and its alloys 2024-T3 and 7075-T6 against corrosion in 0.5 M NaCl. Coatings were prepared from sol synthesized from mixtures of tetraethyl orthosilicate and 3-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane to which various concentrations of zirconium tetrapropoxide and methacrylic acid were added. Short-and long-term electrochemical behavior was assessed. The degree of protection was dependent on the sol composition, ageing time and curing temperature. A coating containing Zr/Si ratio of 0.41, aged for 48 h and cured at 100 • C exhibited the best combination of resistance towards general and localized corrosion. Electrochemical parameters obtained under polarization (corrosion current density of 4.4 nA/cm 2 and stability up to 7 V), and under open circuit conditions (impedance in the few tens of Mohm cm 2 after one week immersion) prove that the protection was high. At other conditions, such as higher Zr/Si ratios, shorter ageing time or curing at room temperature, protection was excellent early after immersion but then lessened rapidly. Coatings prepared under optimal conditions provided a high degree of protection over 500 hours salt spray testing, especially on aluminum metal. These coatings have the potential to provide good protection in chloride environments. While aluminum has good corrosion resistance in seawater, its high-strength alloys in the 2xxx (Al-Cu-Mg) and 7xxx series (Al-ZnMg) are normally not recommended for use under these conditions. 1,2Since there is an ongoing need for light-weight, high-strength materials, the possibility of using alloys other than those of the series 5xxx (Al-Mg-Mn) and 6xxx (Al-Mg-Si) normally recommended for sea-coast applications has to be considered. 2,3Aluminum and its alloys are highly susceptible to oxidation, resulting in the passivation of the surface by a 0.01 to 10 μm thick oxide layer when exposed to air. This naturally formed oxide protects aluminum under atmospheric conditions.2 Passivation of the alloys is, however, less effective. Due to the presence of unevenly distributed intermetallic particles (IMPs), the passive film is, overall, thinner and less uniform. IMPs such as Al 2 CuMg, Al-Cu-Mn-Fe, Al 2 Cu, Al 3 Fe, MgSi 2 , MgZn 2 , create local galvanic cells that promote corrosion on the surface. [4][5][6] Al 2 O 3 is a good insulator but, when containing IMPs, is a semiconductor that allows limited passage of electrons.2 High concentrations of chloride ions allows localized breakdown of the aluminum oxide film, most commonly observed as pitting, crevice or galvanic corrosion.Al alloys have been protected for decades using chromate conversion coatings. In the last decade these coatings have been widely prohibited within 7 and outside 8 the EU due to the fact that hexavalent chromium is a toxic, carcinogenic and environmentally hazardous compound.9-11 Other environmentally hazardous compounds, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) used, for example, in the painting industry, have ...

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Overcoming oxygen inhibition in UV-curing of acrylate coatings by carbon dioxide inerting, Part I

Cited by 240 publications

References 7 publications

Photoinitiated Polymerization: Advances, Challenges, and Opportunities

Photoinitiated Polymerization: Advances, Challenges, and Opportunities

Infrared Spectroscopy as a Tool to Monitor Radiation Curing

Electrochemical and Salt Spray Testing of Hybrid Coatings Based on Si and Zr Deposited on Aluminum and Its Alloys

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