“…A number of other factors that have been shown to affect the severity of MPA in professional and aspirational student musicians have also been assessed in this study to ascertain whether these relationships are also apparent in non-music major students. These include female gender (Biasutti & Concina, 2014; Iusca & Dafinoiu, 2012; Kenny et al, 2014; Osborne & Kenny, 2008; Osborne, Kenny, & Holsomback, 2005; Rae & McCambridge, 2004; Wesner, Noyes, & Davis, 1990); lower self-efficacy (Liston, Frost, & Mohr, 2003; McPherson & McCormick, 2006; Papageorgi et al, 2010); performance setting (Chesky, Kondraske, Henoch, Hipple, & Rubin, 2002; Cox & Kenardy, 1993; Kenny et al, 2014; Langendörfer, Hodapp, Kreutz, & Bongard, 2006; Miller & Chesky, 2004; Papageorgi et al, 2010; Wesner et al, 1990); evaluative threat and fear of negative evaluation (Brotons, 1994; Fehm & Schmidt, 2006; LeBlanc, Jin, Obert, & Siivola, 1997; Nideffer & Hessler, 1978; Zakaria, Musib, & Shariff, 2013); and previous performance breakdowns (Osborne & Kenny, 2008).…”