Overcoming unlearned response biases: delayed escape following errors facilitates acquisition of win—stay and win—shift working memory water-escape tasks in rats

Comer, T R; Means, Larry W.

doi:10.1016/s0163-1047(89)90355-5

Cited by 29 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The high incidence of perseveration observed in the present study is consistent with earlier work employing the water maze (Comer and Means, 1989;Means, 1988;Upchurch, 1987). The observed unlearned perseverative responding in water-escape may be due to either one or both of two reasons.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The apparatus, described elsewhere (Comer and Means, 1989), consisted of a circular metal water tank, 140 cm in diameter by 60 cm high, filled with water to a depth of 25 cm. The tank was divided into radial thirds by clear nylon twine strung 15 cm above the rim.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of the high incidence of response perseveration (repeatedly swimming to the same side first) observed when using this task previously (Comer and Means, 1989;Means, 1988), a procedure to discourage such behaviour was used. This procedure consisted of continually placing the platform in the choice section other than the one being entered first on each trial by a perseverating subject.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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BMY 21502 and piracetam facilitate performance of two-choice win-stay water-escape in normal rats

Means

Comer

Moore

1991

J. Neural Transmission

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Sprague-Dawley rats given either 5 or 10 mg/kg of a new compound, BMY 21502, 150 mg/kg of piracetam or a dose of methylcellulose vehicle (p.o.) daily for 38 days beginning two days before training were compared on performance of a win-stay water-escape task in a circular water maze requiring the use of working memory. The task involved giving the rats pairs of trials in which the location of a submerged escape platform remained the same within a pair of trials but changed semirandomly across pairs. Rats receiving either 5 mg/kg BMY 21502 or piracetam made more correct choices than did rats receiving only the vehicle (p less than 0.05 in each case). The facilitated performance was associated with making fewer perseverative responses that resulted in errors.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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BMY 21502 and piracetam facilitate performance of two-choice win-stay water-escape in normal rats

Means

Comer

Moore

1991

J. Neural Transmission

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“…Thus, although the task performance was differentially affected by genotype and/or delay length, it steadily improved across the 18 trials in all groups, and reflected an increasing understanding of the test principle and/or the task procedure. Win-shift procedures therefore seem to capitalize on rats’ natural foraging strategies under conditions when food supply is dispersed [16], [18], [42], [43]. In light of research in animal neuropsychology, the test may offer the opportunity to assess core deficits associated with psychiatric disorders non-invasively and in close analogy to the human condition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Where Have I Been? Where Should I Go? Spatial Working Memory on a Radial Arm Maze in a Rat Model of Depression

et al. 2013

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Disturbances in cognitive functioning are among the most debilitating problems experienced by patients with major depression. Investigations of these deficits in animals help to extend and refine our understanding of human emotional disorder, while at the same time providing valid tools to study higher executive functions in animals. We employ the “learned helplessness” genetic rat model of depression in studying working memory using an eight arm radial maze procedure with temporal delay. This so-called delayed spatial win-shift task consists of three phases, training, delay and test, requiring rats to hold information on-line across a retention interval and making choices based on this information in the test phase. According to a 2×2 factorial design, working memory performance of thirty-one congenitally helpless (cLH) and non-helpless (cNLH) rats was tested on eighteen trials, additionally imposing two different delay durations, 30 s and 15 min, respectively. While not observing a general cognitive deficit in cLH rats, the delay length greatly influenced maze performance. Notably, performance was most impaired in cLH rats tested with the shorter 30 s delay, suggesting a stress-related disruption of attentional processes in rats that are more sensitive to stress. Our study provides direct animal homologues of clinically important measures in human research, and contributes to the non-invasive assessment of cognitive deficits associated with depression.

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“…In Experiment 1, we investigated the effect of task experience and dietary restriction on performing the Morris water maze task (Morris, 1981) and the DMTP task (Comer & Means, 1989). As is well known, it is generally recognized that there is more than one type of memory: reference memory, which is required for functioning throughout an experiment, and working memory, which is maintained within a specific trial (Olton, Becker, & Handelmann, 1980).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Task Experience, Long-Term Dietary Restriction and Aging on Performance in Reference and Working Memory Tasks: A Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Design Study

Yanai

Okaichi

2009

PSYCHOLOGIA -An International Journal of Psychological Sciences

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of task experience, long-term dietary restriction and aging on spatial cognition. In experiment 1, nineteen rats were divided into restricted (n = 10) or ad libitum feeding (n = 9) groups at 2.5 months of age, then repeatedly trained in Morris water maze task (reference memory task) and delayed-matching-to-place (DMTP) task (working memory task). Dietary conditions did not affect in performing both tasks. However, deteriorated effect of aging was found in performing DMTP task. These results suggest that repeated task experiences protect rats from age-related reference memory deficits, but not from working memory deficits. Experiment 2 compared the performance of young (n = 8) and aged (n = 4) rats in object exploration task. Young rats reacted to both spatial and nonspatial changes in objects, whereas aged rats reacted only to nonspatial change. Thus, it is suggested that the ability to recognize spatial changes is impaired in aged rats.

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Overcoming unlearned response biases: delayed escape following errors facilitates acquisition of win—stay and win—shift working memory water-escape tasks in rats

Cited by 29 publications

References 28 publications

BMY 21502 and piracetam facilitate performance of two-choice win-stay water-escape in normal rats

BMY 21502 and piracetam facilitate performance of two-choice win-stay water-escape in normal rats

Where Have I Been? Where Should I Go? Spatial Working Memory on a Radial Arm Maze in a Rat Model of Depression

The Effect of Task Experience, Long-Term Dietary Restriction and Aging on Performance in Reference and Working Memory Tasks: A Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Design Study

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