Overcompensation through the paternal component of fitness in Ipomopsis arizonica

Paige, Ken N.; Williams, Barry L.; Hickox, Tracey

doi:10.1007/s004420100647

Cited by 26 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This partly explains the positive association between stem biomass and compensatory ability, and the differences among accessions found in our study, since most of the stem mass of Arabidopsis corresponds to the inflorescence, and accessions vary in their inflorescence:rosette size ratio. Stem mass could also be important because of its correlation with meristem availability, which seems crucial to tolerance in monocarpic, rosulate plants such as Ipomopsis (Paige et al 2001), but is also important in trees and shrubs (Lehtila and Larsson 2005;Pratt et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogenetic changes in tolerance to herbivory in Arabidopsis

Tucker

Ávila-Sakar

2010

Oecologia

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Tolerance to herbivory-the ability of plants to maintain fitness despite herbivore damage-is expected to change during the life cycle of plants because the physiological mechanisms underlying tolerance to herbivory are linked to growth, and resource allocation to growth changes throughout ontogeny. We used the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana to test two hypotheses: that tolerance increases as plants grow, and that tolerance decreases at the onset of reproduction. We chose three accessions previously reported to vary for resistance to herbivory in order to explore whether tolerance and resistance are inversely related. Cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) larvae were allowed to feed on plants at either the four-leaf, six-leaf, or 1st-flower developmental stage until 50% of the leaf area was removed. Overall, we found a trend for increased tolerance with ontogenetic stage, but there were important differences among accessions in their response to herbivory at different stages. Tolerance did not decrease with the onset of flowering, nor did we find any correlation between resistance and tolerance levels. Three main plant traits correlated strongly with tolerance: stem mass, an earlier onset of reproduction and a longer fruiting period. This study suggests there may be considerable variation in ontogenetic patterns of tolerance in natural populations of A. thaliana, and warrants further investigations with more accessions or natural populations, and detailed measurements of traits purported to contribute to tolerance in our quest to understand the mechanisms of tolerance to herbivory.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogenetic changes in tolerance to herbivory in Arabidopsis

Tucker

Ávila-Sakar

2010

Oecologia

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“…However, clipping generally occurs no later than just following anthesis of an inflorescence's first florets, so pollen dispersal from clipped heads is probably inconsequential. More generally, any compensatory response to damage by a seed-feeding herbivore that involves producing additional inflorescences might, depending on the timing of damage, lead to greater compensation through the paternal, as compared to the maternal, contribution to fitness (e.g., Paige et al 2001). The effect of herbivory on the maternal and paternal contributions to plant fitness have only rarely been examined, but the data suggest that compensatory responses through male and female function can be either similar (Gronemeyer et al 1997 or variable (Paige et al 2001).…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compensation for Herbivory in Wild Sunflower: Response to Simulated Damage by the Head-Clipping Weevil

Pilson

Decker

2002

Ecology

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Abstract. Herbivore damage is generally detrimental to plant fitness, and the evolutionary response of plant populations to damage can involve either increased resistance or increased tolerance. While characters that contribute to resistance, such as secondary chemicals and trichomes, are relatively well understood, characters that contribute to a plant's ability to tolerate damage have received much less attention. Using Helianthus annuus (wild sunflower) and simulated damage of Haplorhynchites aeneus (head-clipping weevil) as a model system, we examined morphological characters and developmental processes that contribute to compensatory ability. We performed a factorial experiment that included three levels of damage (none, the first two, or the first four inflorescences were clipped with scissors) and eight sires each mated to four dams. We found that plants compensated fully for simulated head-clipper damage and that there was no variation among plant families in compensatory ability: seed production and mean seed mass did not vary among treatments, and sire ϫ treatment interactions were not significant. Plants used four mechanisms to compensate for damage: (1) Clipped plants produced significantly more inflorescences than unclipped plants. Plants produced these additional inflorescences on higher order branches at the end of the flowering season. (2) Clipped plants filled significantly more seeds in their remaining heads than did unclipped plants. (3) Clipped plants, because they effectively flowered later than unclipped plants, were less susceptible to damage by seedfeeding herbivores other than Haplorhynchites. (4) In later heads, seed size was greater on clipped plants, which allowed mean seed size to be maintained in clipped plants. Although there was genetic variation among the families used in this experiment for most of the characters associated with compensation for damage (seed number, mean seed size, mean flowering date, length of the flowering period, and branching morphology), in analyses of these characters, no sire ϫ treatment interactions were significant indicating that all of the families relied on similar mechanisms to compensate for damage.

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“…Some studies that have found positive or negligible effects of herbivory have been criticized for measuring growth rather than a more direct measure of fitness (e.g., seed production), or for using mechanical damage to simulate herbivory, a procedure that does not necessarily elicit the same responses in plants as real herbivore damage (Belsky 1986;Baldwin 1990; Karban and Baldwin 1997; see also Tiffin and Inouye 2000;Tiffin 2000;Lehtilä 2003;Inouye and Tiffin 2003). Nevertheless, careful studies have demonstrated that plants do not always suffer a negative impact due to herbivory in terms of variables that are convincingly good measures of plant fitness, either through female or male function (Dyer et al 1993;Gronemeyer et al 1997;Lennartsson et al 1998;Paige 1999;Paige et al 2001;AvilaSakar et al 2003). Therefore, recent studies of plant defence consider not only traits that decrease the frequency of herbivore attack (resistance), but also the ability of plants to reduce the detrimental effects of herbivory on their fitness (tolerance) (Trumble et al 1993;Strauss and Agrawal 1999;Pilson 2000;Juenger and Lennartsson 2000;Tiffin 2000;Stowe et al 2000;Strauss et al 2003;Leimu and Koricheva 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of nutrient and CO2 availability on tolerance to herbivory in Brassica rapa

2007

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The ability of plants to recover from herbivore damage and maintain their fitness depends on physiological mechanisms that are affected by the availability of resources such as carbon and soil nutrients. In this study, we explored the effects of increased carbon and nutrient availability on the response of rapid cycling Brassica rapa to damage by the generalist herbivore, Trichoplusia ni (Noctuidae), in a greenhouse experiment. Using fruit mass as an estimate of plant fitness, we tested three physiological models, which predict either an increase or a decrease of tolerance to herbivory with increasing resource availability. We used leaf demography to examine some plausible mechanisms through which resource availability may affect tolerance. Our results contradict all models, and, rather, they support a more complicated view of the plasticity of resource uptake and allocation than the ones considered by the models tested. Fruit mass was negatively affected by herbivore damage only under elevated CO 2 , and only for certain harvest dates. Increased CO 2 had no effect on the number of leaf births, but it decreased leaf longevity and the total number of leaves on a plant. Nutrient addition increased the number of leaf births, leaf longevity and the total number of leaves on a plant. We conclude that a shortening of the life span of the plants, brought about by elevated CO 2, was responsible for a higher susceptibility of plants to herbivore damage under high CO 2 concentration.

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Overcompensation through the paternal component of fitness in Ipomopsis arizonica

Cited by 26 publications

References 30 publications

Ontogenetic changes in tolerance to herbivory in Arabidopsis

Ontogenetic changes in tolerance to herbivory in Arabidopsis

Compensation for Herbivory in Wild Sunflower: Response to Simulated Damage by the Head-Clipping Weevil

Effects of nutrient and CO2 availability on tolerance to herbivory in Brassica rapa

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