“…Other evaluations of the equity market have overwhelmingly found evidence of the overconfidence bias 1 affecting investment decisions (Baker et al, 2019;Jlassi et al, 2014;Meier & de Mello, 2020;Zaiane & Abaoub, 2009). The presence of investor overconfidence has been examined for markets of different asset classes, including stocks (Gupta et al, 2018), commodities (Yung & Liu, 2009), real estate (Lin et al, 2010) and index funds (Bailey et al, 2011). Kansal and Singh (2018) mention that the overconfidence bias is probably the most scrutinised behavioural bias in terms of its existence, determinants, and effects.…”