“…To survive under such diverse living conditions, PNSB have evolved a complex metabolic network with highly specialized enzyme complexes and regulatory mechanisms. Recently, PNSB have attracted special attention as a platform microorganism for biotechnological applications such as H 2 production as an alternative renewable energy to fossil fuels (Zhang et al ., 2017a , 2017b , 2017c , 2016 , 2017a , 2017b , 2017c , 2016 , 2017a , 2017b , 2017c , 2016 ) and polyhydroxybutyrate as a biodegradable plastic (Kranz et al., 1997 ; Merugu et al., 2012 ), bioremediation of wastewater (Idi et al., 2014 ) and heavy metal (Feng et al., 2007 ), fixation of CO 2 and N 2 (Wahlund et al., 1996 ; Atsumi et al., 2009 ), expression of membrane proteins (Berry et al., 2004 ; Han and Perner, 2016 ) and metalloenzymes (Vignais et al., 2000 ; Kappler and McEwan, 2002 ). As the synthesis of photopigments in PNSB relies on the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway, it provides a robust isoprenoid metabolism that makes PNSB as a promising host for isoprenoid biosynthesis (Heck and Drepper, 2017 ; Loeschcke et al., 2017 ; Troost et al., 2019 ).…”