OverexpressingVitamin C Defective 2reduces fertility and alters Ca2+ signals in Arabidopsis pollen

Abstract

A potential strategy to mitigate oxidative damage in plants is to increase the abundance of antioxidants, such as ascorbate (i.e., vitamin C). In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), a rate limiting step in ascorbate biosynthesis is a phosphorylase encoded by Vitamin C Defective 2 (VTC2). To specifically overexpress VTC2 (VTC2 OE) in pollen, the coding region was expressed using a promoter from a gene with ∼150-fold higher expression in pollen, leading to pollen grains with 8-fold increased VTC2 mRNA. VTC2 OE resulted in a near-sterile phenotype with a 50-fold decrease in pollen transmission efficiency and a 5-fold reduction in number of seeds per silique. In vitro assays revealed pollen grains were more prone to bursting (>2-fold) or produced shorter, morphologically abnormal pollen tubes. The inclusion of a genetically-encoded Ca2+ reporter, mCherry-GCaMP6fast (CGf), revealed pollen tubes with altered tip-focused Ca2+ dynamics and increased bursting frequency during periods of oscillatory and arrested growth. Despite these phenotypes, VTC2 OE pollen failed to show expected increases in ascorbate or reductions in ROS, as measured using a redox sensitive dye or a roGFP2. However, mRNA expression analyses revealed greater than 2-fold reductions in mRNA encoding two enzymes critical to biosynthetic pathways related to cell walls or glyco-modifications of lipids and proteins: GDP-D-mannose pyrophosphorylase (GMP) and GDP-D-mannose 3’,5’ epimerase (GME). These results support a model in which the near-sterile defects resulting from VTC2 OE in pollen are associated with feedback mechanisms that can alter one or more signaling or metabolic pathways critical to pollen tube growth and fertility.

Blue light irradiation induces pollen tube rupture in various flowering plants

“…The rapid tip growth and rupture of the pollen tube are believed to result from a sophisticated control mechanism between the elastic properties of the pollen tube tip cell wall and turgor pressure (Dehors et al, 2019; Cascallares et al, 2020; Hill et al, 2012; Weigand et al, 2023; Winship et al, 2010). This study showed that pollen tube rupture can be induced by blue light irradiation.…”

“…Considering the physicochemical state of pollen tube growth and the maintenance of cell wall integrity, turgor pressure serves as a vital driving force for apical growth, and the viscous liquid film created by cell wall materials at the pollen tube tip is an extremely unstable state. Consequently, pollen tube burst is believed to be ultimately driven by an imbalance between cell wall strength and cytosolic turgor pressure (Hill et al, 2012, Weigand et al, 2023). In summary, the cooperatively controlled regulation of pollen tube cell wall through the autocrine ANX/BUPS/LLG/RALF signaling pathway is essential for maintaining pollen tube integrity (Dehors et al, 2019, Hill et al, 2012, McKenna et al, 2009, Kroeger et al, 2011, Ogawa and Kessler, 2023).…”