Overexpression of a plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter gene improves salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana

Shi, Huazhong; Lee, Byeong-ha; Wu, Shaw Jye; Zhu, Jian Kang

doi:10.1038/nbt766

Cited by 847 publications

(598 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Actually, homologous genes of many up-regulated genes have been documented with functions in the responses or adaptations to abiotic stresses in plants. The products of these genes include peroxidase (Murgia et al 2004), ornithine aminotransferase (Roosens et al 1998), lysine ketoglutarate reductase (Galili et al 2001), heavy metal-associated protein (Barth et al 2004), sodium/hydrogen exchanger (Shi et al 2003), heat shock protein (Sun et al 2001), GDSLlike lipase (Naranjo et al 2006), BURP domain (RD22) containing protein (Goh et al 2003), and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (Vincent et al 2005), ATP-dependent helicase (Vashisht et al 2005), Tat pathway signal sequence family protein (Ochsner et al 2002). Plant growth is often suppressed under stress conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of transcription factor gene SNAC2 conferring cold and salt tolerance in rice

et al. 2008

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Plants respond to adverse environment by initiating a series of signaling processes including activation of transcription factors that can regulate expression of arrays of genes for stress response and adaptation. NAC (NAM, ATAF, and CUC) is a plant specific transcription factor family with diverse roles in development and stress regulation. In this report, a stress-responsive NAC gene (SNAC2) isolated from upland rice IRA109 (Oryza sativa L. ssp japonica) was characterized for its role in stress tolerance. SNAC2 was proven to have transactivation and DNA-binding activities in yeast and the SNAC2-GFP fusion protein was localized in the rice nuclei. Northern blot and SNAC2 promoter activity analyses suggest that SNAC2 gene was induced by drought, salinity, cold, wounding, and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. The SNAC2 gene was over-expressed in japonica rice Zhonghua 11 to test the effect on improving stress tolerance. More than 50% of the transgenic plants remained vigorous when all WT plants died after severe cold stress (4-8°C for 5 days). The transgenic plants had higher cell membrane stability than wild type during the cold stress. The transgenic rice had significantly higher germination and growth rate than WT under high salinity conditions. Over-expression of SNAC2 can also improve the tolerance to PEG treatment. In addition, the SNAC2-overexpressing plants showed significantly increased sensitivity to ABA. DNA chip profiling analysis of transgenic plants revealed many up-regulated genes related to stress response and adaptation such as peroxidase, ornithine aminotransferase, heavy metal-associated protein, sodium/hydrogen exchanger, heat shock protein, GDSL-like lipase, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase. Interestingly, none of the up-regulated genes in the SNAC2-overexpressing plants matched the genes up-regulated in the transgenic plants over-expressing other stress responsive NAC genes reported previously. These data suggest SNAC2 is a novel stress responsive NAC transcription factor that possesses potential utility in improving stress tolerance of rice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of transcription factor gene SNAC2 conferring cold and salt tolerance in rice

et al. 2008

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“…Ion transporter genes induced under salt (NaCl) stress towards maintaining ionic homeostasis include plasma membrane Na + /H + antiporters for Na + extrusion, vacuolar Na + /H + antiporters for Na + compartmentation in the vacuole (Apse et al, 1999) and also high-affinity K + transporters for K + acquisition. Overexpression of a plasma membrane Na + /H + antiporter gene improves salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana (Shi et al, 2003). Also, Overexpression of K + , Na + transporters and of H + pumps in transgenics bestowed considerable stress tolerance (see Table 1) e.g.…”

Section: Biological Water Deficitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, Overexpression of K + , Na + transporters and of H + pumps in transgenics bestowed considerable stress tolerance (see Table 1) e.g. sustained growth and tolerance to salt stress was observed by overexpressing AtNHX1 (A. thaliana, Na + /H + antiporter) in A. thaliana (Apse et al, 1999), tomato as well as in Brassica napus ) and overexpression of SOS1 in transgenic Arabidopsis conferred sufficient stress tolerance (Shi et al, 2003). Verma et.al.…”

Section: Biological Water Deficitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic approaches towards overcoming water deficit in plants - special emphasis on LEAs

Khurana

Vishnudasan

Chhibbar

2008

Physiol Mol Biol Plants

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Water deficit arises as a result of low temperature, salinity and dehydration, thereby affecting plant growth adversely and making it imperative for plants to surmount such situations by acclimatizing/adapting at various levels. Water deficit stress results in significant changes in gene expression, mediated by interconnected signal transduction pathways that may be triggered by calcium, and regulated via ABA dependent and/or independent pathways. Hence, adaptation of plants to such stresses involves maintaining cellular homeostasis, detoxification of harmful elements and also growth alterations. Stress in general cause excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the plants overcome the same by either preventing the accumulation of ROS or by eliminating the ROS formed. Ion homeostasis includes processes such as cellular uptake, sequestration and export in conjunction with long distance transport. Requisite amounts of osmolytes are hence synthesized under stress to maintain turgor along with maintaining the macromolecular structures and also for scavenging ROS. Another noteworthy response is the accumulation of novel proteins, including enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of osmoprotectants, heat-shock proteins (HSPs), late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins, antifreeze proteins, chaperones, detoxification enzymes, transcription factors, kinases and phosphatases. The LEAs belong to a redundant protein family and are highly hydrophilic, boiling-soluble, non-globular and therefore have been defined and classified accordingly. The precise function of LEAs is still unknown, but substantial evidence indicates their involvement in dessication tolerance as the expression of LEAs confers increased resistance to stress in heterologous yeast system and also significantly improves water deficit tolerance in transgenic plants. Genetic manipulation of plants towards conferring abiotic stress tolerance is a daunting task, as the abiotic stress tolerance mechanism is highly complex and various strategies have been exploited to address and evaluate the stress tolerance mechanism, and the molecular responses to water deficit via complex signaling networks. Genomic technologies have recently been useful in integrating the multigenicity of the plant stress responses through, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolite profilling and their interactions. This review deals with the recent developments on genetic approaches for water stress tolerance in plants, with special emphasis on LEAs.

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“…Transgenic plants grew, bolted and flowered with increasing concentrations of salt stress (50 to 200 mM NaCl), whereas control plants become necrotic and did not bolt (65). The expression level of SOS1 is also significantly higher in salt cress (T. halophila) than in Arabidopsis, even in the absence of salt stress (66).…”

Section: Sodium Effluxmentioning

confidence: 97%

Salt Stress Signaling and Mechanisms of Plant Salt Tolerance

Chinnusamy

Zhu

Genetic Engineering: Principles and Methods

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230

151

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INTRODUCTIONSoil salinity of agricultural land has led to the breakdown of ancient civilizations.Even today it threatens agricultural productivity in 77 mha of agricultural land, of which 45 mha (20% of irrigated area) is irrigated and 32 mha (2.1% of dry land) is unirrigated (1). Salinization is further spreading in irrigated land because of improper management of irrigation and drainage. Rain, cyclones and wind also add NaCl into the coastal agricultural land. Soil salinity often leads to the development of other problems in soils such as soil sodicity and alkalinity. Soil sodicity is the result of the binding of Na + to the negatively charged clay particles, which leads to clay swelling and dispersal. Hydrolysis of the Na-clay complex results in soil alkalinity. Thus, soil salinity is a major factor limiting sustainable agriculture.The USDA salinity laboratory defines saline soil as having electrical conductivity of the saturated paste extract (EC e ) of 4 dS m -1 (1 dS m -1 is approximately equal to 10 mM NaCl) or more. High concentrations of soluble salts such as chlorides of sodium, calcium and magnesium contribute to the high electrical conductivity of saline soils.NaCl contributes to most of the soluble salts in saline soil.The development of salinity-tolerant crops is the need of the hour to sustain agricultural production. Conventional breeding programs aimed at improving crop tolerance to salinity have limited success because of the complexity of the trait (2). Slow progress in breeding for salt-tolerant crops can be attributed to the poor understanding of the molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance. Understanding the molecular basis of plant salt tolerance will also help improve drought and extreme-temperature-stress tolerance, since osmotic and oxidative stresses are common to these abiotic stresses. The salt-2 tolerant mechanisms of plants can be broadly described as ion homeostasis, osmotic homeostasis, stress damage control and repair, and growth regulation (3). This chapter reviews recent progress in understanding salt-stress signaling and breeding/genetic engineering for salt -tolerant crops. EFFECT OF SALINITY ON PLANT DEVELOPMENTSalinity affects almost all aspects of plant development, including germination, vegetative growth and reproductive development. Soil salinity imposes ion toxicity, osmotic stress, nutrient (N, Ca, K, P, Fe, Zn) deficiency and oxidative stress on plants.Salinity also indirectly limits plant productivity through its adverse effects on the growth of beneficial and symbiotic microbes. High salt concentrations in soil impose osmotic stress and thus limit water uptake from soil. Sodium accumulation in cell walls can rapidly lead to osmotic stress and cell death (1). Ion toxicity is the result of replacement of K + by Na + in biochemical reactions, and Na + and Cl --induced conformational changes in proteins. For several enzymes, K + acts as cofactor and cannot be substituted by Na + .High K + concentration is also required for binding tRNA to ribosomes and thus protein synt...

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Overexpression of a plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter gene improves salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana

Cited by 847 publications

References 43 publications

Characterization of transcription factor gene SNAC2 conferring cold and salt tolerance in rice

Characterization of transcription factor gene SNAC2 conferring cold and salt tolerance in rice

Genetic approaches towards overcoming water deficit in plants - special emphasis on LEAs

Salt Stress Signaling and Mechanisms of Plant Salt Tolerance

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