Overexpression of Apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1) in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma and Its Prognostic Significance

Abstract

Background The aims of this study included 3 aspects: 1) assessing the expression of Apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1) in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and normal groups; 2) evaluating the prognostic significance of APOC1 expression in the overall survival (OS) of ccRCC patients; and 3) exploring APOC1-related signaling pathways. Material/Methods The APOC1 expression value and clinical data of ccRCC patients were obtained from the cBioPortal database. We then evaluated the association of APOC1 expression with clinical characteristics of ccRCC patients. We also assessed the correlation between APOC1 expression and clinical outcome using Kaplan-Meier method. Our work then verified the independent prognostic factors of ccRCC by Cox regression analysis. Finally, the potential role of genes co-expressed with APOC1 was revealed via functional enrichment analysis. Results Bioinformatic data revealed that APOC1 was expressed at higher levels in ccRCC tissue than in the normal group (all P <0.05). The high expression of APOC1 was associated with unfavorable prognosis of female patients ( P <0.01), but not of male patients. APOC1 high expression also shortened the survival time of ccRCC patients age ≥60 years old ( P <0.05). Cox regression analysis further indicated that APOC1 expression was an independent prognostic factor for OS of ccRCC patients. Additionally, we found that APOC1 expression was significantly associated with sex, grade, clinical stage, and T stage. Finally, enrichment analysis suggested that APOC1-associated pathways were involved in tumor growth and metastasis. Conclusions The current study indicated that APOC1 was highly expressed in ccRCC and was significantly associated with key clinical features. APOC1 appears to be an independent prognostic factor in patients with ccRCC. Importantly, APOC1 might be a potential therapeutic target for ccRCC via regulating pathways involved in cell growth and metastasis.

Prognosis-related genes participate in immunotherapy of renal clear cell carcinoma possibly by targeting dendritic cells

“…Some previous studies have also supported this hypothesis and have reported the prognostic value of individual genes in a variety of tumors. For example, APOC1 is closely related to poor prognosis in ccRCC patients, as well as age, clinical stage, and pathological grade ( Xiao and Xu, 2021 ). C1QA and C1QB might be potential prognostic factors and indices of tumor microenvironment remodeling in osteosarcoma ( Chen et al, 2021 ).…”

Shared Genetic Basis and Causal Relationship Between Television Watching, Breakfast Skipping and Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence From a Comprehensive Genetic Analysis

“…The mapped gene APOC1 (apolipoprotein C1) is a protein-coding gene engaged in the inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). A study showed that APOC1 was highly expressed in clear cell renal cell carcinoma ( 47 ), and a variant of APOC1 called T45S led to elevated rates of T2D ( 48 ). The second strongest SNP was rs4565329 (mapped gene: CENPW , P meta = 7.64×10 -14 ).…”

Z-DNA–Containing Long Terminal Repeats of Human Endogenous Retrovirus Families Provide Alternative Promoters for Human Functional Genes

“…HERV and solitary LTR elements can cause several human diseases such as azoospermia, multiple sclerosis, schizophrenia, diabetes, and cancer ( Conrad et al, 1997 ; Kamp et al, 2000 ; Karlsson et al, 2001 ; Kim et al, 1999a ; 1999b ; Li et al, 2020 ; Patzke et al, 2002 ; Perron et al, 1997 ; Xiao and Xu, 2021 ). Apolipoprotein C1 ( APOC1 ) appears to be an independent prognostic factor in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).…”

“…Apolipoprotein C1 ( APOC1 ) appears to be an independent prognostic factor in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). APOC1 could be a potential therapeutic target for ccRCC as it regulates cell growth and metastasis pathways ( Xiao and Xu, 2021 ). APOC1 promotes metastasis of ccRCC cells by activating STAT3 .…”