Overexpression of Human Cripto-1 in Transgenic Mice Delays Mammary Gland Development and Differentiation and Induces Mammary Tumorigenesis

Emerging Roles of Nodal and Cripto-1: From Embryogenesis to Breast Cancer Progression

“…In the MMTV-CR-1 transgenic mouse model, overexpression of Cripto-1 was associated with significantly increased lateral side branching of the developing mammary ducts [82]. In another transgenic model where Cripto-1 expression was driven by the Whey acidic protein promoter, the mammary glands of the transgenic mice overexpressing Cripto-1 were characterized by delayed lobuloalveolar development [83] (Fig. 4).…”

Integrating Genetics and Genomics in Primary Aldosteronism

“…TDGF-1, also known as Cripto-1, belongs to the epidermal growth factor-Cripto-FRL1-cryptic protein family and plays a key role in early vertebrate development and carcinogenesis. 67,68 TDGF-1 expression is restricted to ZG in normal adrenals, whereas its expression is found in the entire peritumoral adjacent cortex in adrenals with APA. Interestingly, TDGF-1 is localized to nuclei in APAs, whereas it is cytoplasmic in normal adrenal and peritumoral tissue.…”

Regulation of Cripto-1 Signaling and Biological Activity by Caveolin-1 in Mammary Epithelial Cells

“…[25][26][27] Furthermore, transgenic mouse models have demonstrated that overexpression of a human CR-1 transgene in the mammary gland under the control of the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) or the whey acidic protein promoter results in multifocal mammary hyperplasias and adenocarcinomas in approximately 30 to 50% of multiparous mice. 28,29 MMTV-CR-1 mice have also been recently shown to develop uterine leiomyosarcomas. 30 The presence of a GPI anchor in the mouse and human Cripto-1 protein suggests that this molecule might localize to lipid rafts, which are cell membrane regions that function as microdomains for a number of signaling molecules that are GPI-linked.…”