“…These data collectively suggest a role for CaHSL1 as a positive regulator in pepper basal and acquired thermotolerance under high humidity. Similarly, previous studies have found that some regulatory proteins in HSR signaling, for example, AtHsfA3, Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH) (Zhao et al, 2017), ATPase6 (ALA6) (Niu et al, 2017) HsfA2 (Ogawa et al, 2007) in Arabidopsis and LlHsfA3A in lily ( Lilium longiflorum ) (Wu et al, 2018), FaHsfA2c in Festuca arundinacea (Wang et al, 2017) act as positive regulator in both basal and acquired thermotolerance, while LlHsfA3B (Wu et al, 2018) in lily acts as positive regulator only in acquired thermotolerance, salicylic acid dependent signaling (Clarke et al, 2004) promotes only basal thermotolerance, indicating that basal and acquired thermotolerance might be modulated by different signaling pathways with extensive crosstalks between them. Noticeably, our data showed that CaHSP24 and CaHSP24.2 that might localize to chloroplast (Heckathorn et al, 1996) were dramatically downregulated by silencing of CaHSL1 , coupled with significant decrease in Fv/Fm, whereas the transient overexpression of CaHSL1 significantly enhanced transcription of CaHSP24 and CaHSP24.2 as well as enhanced Fv/Fm, it can be speculated that as an indicator of plant thermotolerance, the stability of photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) might be contributed by multiple HSPs including CaHSP24 and CaHSP24.2 , as Fv/Fm differed in timing and amplitudes with CaHSP24 and CaHSP24.2 during response CaHSL1 silenced pepper plant to heat stress.…”